固体氧化物燃料电池（SOFC）具有发电效率高、燃料适应性强、高温余热可回收等优点，在大型发电、分布式发电及热电联供、交通运输及调峰储能等领域具有广阔的应用前景，是最前沿的燃料电池技术。大力发展采用氢及碳基燃料的固体氧化物燃料电池技术将有助于推动我国能源供给侧结构性改革，推动能源技术革命，为实现碳达峰、碳中和目标奠定技术基础。本文介绍了国内外固体氧化物燃料电池产业的发展现状，分析了我国固体氧化物燃料电池产业发展面临的难题，结合国外固体氧化物燃料电池产业发展的经验，梳理了我国固体氧化物燃料电池产业发展的思路及重点任务。研究提出，加快制度体系建设，加强固体氧化物燃料电池技术及产业发展的顶层设计；强化财税金融支持，充分发挥市场在资源配置中的决定性作用，突出企业主体地位；坚持创新驱动发展，把自主技术创新作为推动固体氧化物燃料电池产业发展的主要驱动力；完善标准规范体系，形成具有自主知识产权的技术标准；加强固体氧化物燃料电池领域人才培养，深化国际交流与合作，为今后我国固体氧化物燃料电池产业的规模化、商业化发展提供指导。

Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) has the advantages of high power generation efficiency, excellent fuel adaptability, hightemperature waste heat recovery and so on. It is the most cutting-edge fuel cell technology and has promising application prospects in fields such as large-scale power generation, distributed power generation, combined heat and power generation, transportation, and energy storage. The SOFC technology uses hydrogen and carbon-based fuels and thus can help promote the supply-side reform of China’s energy sector, promote energy technology revolution, and lay a technological foundation for realizing carbon peak and carbon neutralization. This study analyzed the current status of SOFC industry in China and abroad, and discussed the challenges, development ideas, and key tasks for developing the SOFC industry of China. Specifically, China needs to improve its institutional system and the top-level design for SOFC technology and industry development, strengthen fiscal, taxation, and financial support for the industry, and encourage independent technological innovation. Moreover, it is imperative to improve the standards system to form technical standards with independent intellectual property rights, strengthen personnel training, and deepen international exchanges and cooperation. This study is expected to provide guidance for the large-scale and commercial development of China’s SOFC industry in the future.