离岸碳捕集、利用与封存（CCUS）技术是沿海国家或地区通过工程方式为实现CO₂减排而发展起来的解决方案与技术体系；相对于陆上CCUS技术，具有潜在封存空间广阔、封存安全等诸多优势。离岸CCUS技术指从沿海大型或近海碳排放源捕集CO₂，加压并运输至离岸封存平台后注入海底地质储层中，实现CO₂与大气永久隔离或利用其生产价值产品的过程。本文概要回顾了全球及我国离岸CCUS技术的发展需求与产业现状，分析了发展离岸CCUS的技术性和社会性价值；梳理总结了代表性的离岸CCUS技术发展路线及其态势，如CO₂工厂捕集、CO₂管道运输、CO₂海底咸水层封存与驱油利用、CO₂化学利用以及其他技术架构。着眼不同技术创新方向面临的共性问题，提出我国离岸CCUS领域未来发展建议：注重陆海统筹战略规划和布局，培养高水平研究团队，加强各发展阶段的基础研究、核心技术研发、成本控制、规模增扩和政策激励等。

Offshore carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) is an engineering solution and technical system developed by coastal countries or regions to reduce carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions. Compared with onshore CCUS, offshore CCUS has multiple significant advantages, such as higher storage potential and safer storage environment. Offshore CCUS comprises capturing CO₂ from large coastal or offshore carbon emission sources, compressing and transporting it to offshore storage platforms, and injecting it into sub-seabed geological reservoirs, to achieve permanent isolation from the atmosphere or use it to produce valuable products. This study reviews the development demand and industry status quo of offshore CCUS in China and worldwide and analyzes the technical and social values of offshore CCUS development. The development routes and trends of representative offshore CCUS technologies are summarized, including CO₂ plant capture, CO₂ pipeline transportation, CO₂ storage in the deep saline aquifer and for petroleum displacement, CO₂ chemical utilization, and several other technical frameworks. Focusing on the common problems faced by different technology systems, we propose the following suggestions for the future development of China's offshore CCUS: strengthening the land-sea overall planning and layout, cultivating high-level research teams, and enhancing fundamental research, key technology research and development, cost control, scale expansion, and policy incentives at all stages of development.