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我国海洋装备产业链高质量发展战略研究
High-Quality Development Strategy of the Industrial Chain of Marine Equipment in China
海洋装备产业链环节众多、长且复杂，是保障海洋经济安全的重要内容。我国海洋装备产业链市场、订单“两头在外”，关键核心技术和配套设备较多依赖进口，一旦受到国际格局影响可能面临“断链”风险，因而海洋装备的自主可控与创新发展对保障产业链安全、促进高质量发展意义重大。本文提出了海洋装备产业链图谱的研究构思，遴选出海洋运载装备、海洋油气装备两类重点领域，梳理了相关产业的国际总体格局、国内基本现状，厘清了我国海洋装备产业链上主要环节的发展形势和面临的挑战，论证了我国海洋装备产业链发展的思路与目标，海洋运载装备、海洋油气装备产业链上主要环节的突破方向。在我国海洋装备产业链上，原材料、总装建造属于优势环节，研发设计、配套属于劣势环节，尤其是高端船舶、深水油气开发装备的自主保障能力不足；建议采取由政策扶持扩大海洋装备内需、锚定高端海洋装备创新研发优势方向、加强国际合作带动“外循环”等方式，推动海洋装备产业链高质量发展。
The industrial chain of marine equipment is extensive and complex, playing a vital role in ensuring the security of the marine economy. In China, part of the marine equipment market and orders are based abroad, and some of the core technologies and ancillary equipment rely on imports. Once affected by the international situation, the industrial chain might be cut off. Therefore, it is necessary to promote the independent and innovative development of the marine equipment, thereby ensuring the industry chain safety and high-quality development of marine equipment. This study proposes a marine equipment industry chain map. Focusing on the marine transportation equipment and the offshore oil and gas equipment, it analyzes the development status of the marine equipment industry chain in China and abroad, clarifies the development situation and problems regarding major links of the marine equipment industry chain in China, and proposes the principles, goals, and breakthrough directions. Raw materials and the final assembly are advantageous links for China, while equipment design and ancillary equipment are weak links; In particular, China's independent support capabilities for high-tech ships and deepwater oil and gas development equipment are insufficient. Therefore, it is necessary to stimulate the domestic demand for marine equipment through policy support, focus on the advantageous innovation direction of high-end marine equipment, and strengthen international cooperation.
海洋装备 / 产业链图谱 / 海洋运载 / 海洋油气 / 国际格局 / 能力目标 / 自主可控
marine equipment / industrial chain map / marine transportation / offshore oil and gas / international landscape / competency objectives / independent
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