发展新质生产力背景下的新污染物治理研究
Emerging Contaminant Control in the Context of Developing New-Quality Productivity
加快培育和发展新质生产力、推动发展方式绿色低碳转型,是实现经济社会高质量发展的必然路径。新质生产力的培育和发展对化学品有高度依赖性,尤其是很多新兴产业广泛使用化学品,由此带来了新污染物问题。这些新污染物来源广泛,环境风险隐蔽,对生态环境和人类健康构成严重威胁。本文系统梳理了新质生产力背景下新污染物的治理现状和面临挑战,提出了新污染物治理的框架,分别从优先事项和支撑保障两方面提出了治理策略建议。研究结果表明,新污染物治理存在多方面挑战,包括高度依赖化学品、新污染问题层出不穷、废弃物处置问题突出、国际贸易壁垒和高风险化学品替代困难等。新污染物治理的优先事项包括,加强调查监测、推进风险评估、突破替代技术瓶颈和深化末端治理水平等;同时还应在加强科技创新攻关、制定标准规范等制度文件、加大监管力度等方面部署支撑保障措施。
Accelerating the cultivation and development of new-quality productivity and promoting the green and low-carbon transformation of development methods are inevitable paths to achieving high-quality socio-economic development. The cultivation and development of new-quality productivity are highly dependent on chemicals, especially given that many emerging industries extensively use chemicals, which has led to the emergence of new pollutants. These new pollutants originate from various sources and pose hidden environmental risks, posing serious threats to the ecological environment and human health. This study reviews the current situation and challenges of emerging contaminant control in the context of new-quality productivity, proposes a framework for emerging contaminant control, and offers governance suggestions from two aspects: priority issues and supporting measures. The research results indicate that multiple challenges exist in the control of emerging contaminants, including high dependence on chemicals, new pollutions, prominent waste-disposal issues, international trade barriers, and difficulties in substitution of high-risk chemicals. The priority issues for emerging contaminant control include strengthening investigation and supervision, promoting risk assessment, achieving breakthroughs in alternative technologies, and improving end-of-pipe treatment. Meanwhile, supporting measures should be deployed in strengthening scientific and technological innovation, formulating normative guidelines, and increasing regulatory efforts.
新污染物 / 新质生产力 / 全生命周期管控 / 绿色替代技术 / 风险评估
emerging contaminants / new-quality productivity / whole lifecycle control / green alternative technologies / risk assessment
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中国工程院咨询项目“面向美丽中国的新污染物治理科技战略研究”(2024-XZ-46)
国家自然科学基金项目(52091544)
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