建筑拆除与固废资源化技术前瞻及路径
段珍华 , 邓琪 , 肖建庄 , 庄雨潼 , 李俱伦 , 夏冰 , 张声军 , 肖绪文
中国工程科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (3) : 117 -128.
建筑拆除与固废资源化技术前瞻及路径
Building Demolition and Solid Waste Recycling Technologies: Prospects and Paths
在“双碳”目标推动下,城镇化建设逐渐由追求速度与规模向注重绿色高质量转变,建筑物拆除与固体废物(固废)资源化行业迎来了新的机遇和挑战。本文聚焦建筑拆除与固废资源化过程中“拆除粗放、资源化质效水平低、拆用脱节”的瓶颈难题,面向城市更新和建筑业低碳可持续发展需求,从“拆”“用”两个环节及其相互关系入手,梳理出了三大关键问题:拆除工艺装备落后导致精准拆解难,拆除物料性能离散导致再生混凝土等产品高值难,以及“拆”“用”脱节导致体系化应用难。进一步,从建筑拆除与固废资源化产业链的多个环节深入剖析了研究现状和技术短板。结合研究综述和国内建筑拆除与固废资源化的实际情况,本文以“拆解精准化、产品高值化、应用体系化”为目标提出了解决方案与未来研究方向,以期为基于建筑拆解的建筑固废资源化应用研究提供参考,推动相关产业升级,助力建筑业低碳转型和绿色高质量发展。
Driven by the carbon peak and carbon neutrality targets, urbanization in China has gradually witnessed a significant shift from emphasizing speed and scale to focusing on green and high-quality development. The industry of building demolition and solid waste recycling has embraced new opportunities and challenges. This study centers on the bottleneck issues of extensive demolition, low product quality, and the disjunction between demolition and utilization during the process of building demolition and solid waste recycling. Considering the requirements for green and sustainable development of urban renewal and the construction industry, we propose three key issues from the aspects of demolition, utilization, and their interconnection: (1) The obsolete demolition technologies result in the difficulty in precise demolition; (2) the discrete performance of demolition materials gives rise to the difficulty in achieving high-value effectiveness of recycled products typified by recycled aggregate concrete; and (3) the disconnection between demolition and utilization causes the difficulty in systematic application. Furthermore, the research status and technical shortcomings are analyzed from multiple links of the industrial chain. In combination with the research review and actual situation of building demolition and solid waste recycling in China, this study proposes a solution and development plan for future research with the goals of precise demolition, products with high added values, and systematic application, expecting to provide a reference for the research on waste recycling based on building demolition, promote the upgrading of relevant industries, and facilitate the low-carbon, green, and high-quality development of the construction industry.
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国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3803400)
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