智能制造工业机器人技术应用及发展趋势
吴昊天 , 王耀南 , 朴玄斌 , 陈文锐 , 江一鸣 , 贾林 , 肖旭 , 彭伟星
中国工程科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (3) : 83 -97.
智能制造工业机器人技术应用及发展趋势
Application and Development Trends of Industrial Robot Technologies in Intelligent Manufacturing
加强国家工业制造能力、优化高端制造的质量与服务水平事关国家经济社会发展和国家综合实力提升,以工业机器人、人工智能、工业互联网为核心要素的智能制造技术体系快速发展并成为工业制造新质生产力的重要组成。本文全面梳理了智能制造工业机器人的应用背景,包括智能视觉检测、高效磨抛、柔性精密装配、工件抓取转运在内的工业机器人作业类型,航空航天装备、海洋船舶、轨道交通装备、新能源汽车、电子信息产品等代表性制造场景;从环境理解与状态感知、全尺寸三维检测等视觉感知,机器人多任务调度、复杂场景无干涉协同规划等决策规划,多机器人协同控制、机器人柔顺控制等运动控制以及灵巧机构设计等方面,深入分析了相关共性技术的研究进展;进一步论述了大范围动态场景理解、集群化作业、柔性作业、具身智能、网络化协同、数字孪生等智能制造工业机器人技术的发展趋势。相关内容可为深化工业机器人技术研究、精准推进智能制造发展、培养转化新质生产力等提供基础参考。
Strengthening the industrial manufacturing capacity of a country and enhancing the quality and service level of high-end manufacturing are crucial for the country’s economic and social development and the improvement of its comprehensive strength. An intelligent manufacturing technology system with industrial robots, artificial intelligence, and industrial Internet as the core elements has developed rapidly and become an important component of the new productive force of industrial manufacturing. This study presents the application background of industrial robots in intelligent manufacturing, and reviews the operation types of industrial robots, including intelligent visual inspection, efficient grinding and polishing, flexible precision assembly, and workpiece grasping and transfer. It also examines the representative manufacturing scenarios involving industrial robots, such as the manufacturing of aerospace equipment, marine vessels, rail transit equipment, new energy vehicles, and electronic information devices. Moreover, the study explores the research progress of related common technologies from four perspectives: (1) visual perception such as environmental understanding and state perception, as well as full-size three-dimensional detection; (2) decision-making planning such as robot multi-task scheduling and non-interference collaborative planning in complex scenes; (3) motion control such as multi-robot collaborative control and robot compliant control; and (4) agile mechanisms. Furthermore, it elaborates on the development trends of industrial robot technologies in intelligent manufacturing, including large-scale dynamic scene understanding, clustered operations, flexible operations, embodied intelligence, networked collaboration, and digital twins. This study is expected to provide a basic reference for deepening research on industrial robots, promoting the development of intelligent manufacturing, and cultivating new productive forces.
工业机器人 / 智能制造 / 机器人感知 / 多机器人规划 / 集群机器人协同 / 柔性作业
industrial robot / intelligent manufacturing / robot perception / multi-robot planning / clustered robot cooperation / flexible operation
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国家自然科学基金项目(62293510)
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