基于微生物的生态环境监测技术发展动态与产业趋势分析
杨旭楠 , 刘丛竹 , 陈杏娟 , 宋仲戬 , 杜娟 , 李曼 , 吴清平 , 刘东风 , 俞汉青 , 许玫英
中国工程科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (3) : 192 -203.
基于微生物的生态环境监测技术发展动态与产业趋势分析
Development Trends and Industrial Analysis of Microorganism-Based Ecological Environment Monitoring Technologies
基于微生物的生态环境监测技术是利用微生物对环境变化的敏感响应,通过检测其生理生化特征、群落结构或功能变化来评估环境质量的技术体系,在生物多样性保护、环境污染防治和生态系统健康诊断等领域展现出独特优势。本文通过文献调研,系统梳理了基于微生物的生态环境监测技术的基础原理与研究进展;基于专利分析,揭示了该领域的技术发展路径和技术发展特点;结合行业调研,评估了政策支持、市场需求和技术创新等产业发展条件,阐述了产业发展现状及面临的挑战。研究表明,基于微生物的生态环境监测技术已成为突破传统理化监测局限的重要途径:微生物指示法、微生物传感器和微生物生态评价等技术的创新推动环境监测进入新阶段,合成生物学技术、环境脱氧核糖核酸分析和智能化检测设备的发展使监测手段更加丰富,细分领域市场需求持续增长。研究建议,强化技术创新与完善微生物组学标准体系建设、构建微生物环境监测产业创新生态、加强政策保障和生物安全管理,促进我国微生物环境监测产业高质量发展。
Microorganism-based ecological environment monitoring technologies utilize the sensitive response of microorganisms to environmental changes, assessing environmental quality by detecting the physiological and biochemical characteristics, community structure, or functional variations of microorganisms. This approach demonstrates unique advantages in biodiversity conservation, environmental pollution prevention, and ecosystem health diagnostics. This study reviews the fundamental principles and research progress of microbial environment monitoring technologies through literature analysis. Based on patent studies, it uncovers the technological development paths and key features of advancements in this field. Combined with industry research, it evaluates the conditions for industrial development, including policy support, market demand, and technological innovation, while outlining the current state and challenges of the industry. Research indicates that microbial monitoring technologies have become important approaches to overcome limitations of traditional physicochemical monitoring, and innovations in microbial indicator methods, microbial sensors, and microbial ecology assessment are driving environment monitoring into a new phase. The development of synthetic biology technologies, environmental DNA analysis, and intelligent detection equipment has enriched monitoring methodologies, while market demand in specialized sectors continues to grow. The study recommends strengthening technological innovation and improving the standardization system for microbial genomics, constructing an industrial innovation ecosystem for microbial environment monitoring, and enhancing policy support and biosafety management, thereby promoting the high-quality development of China’s microbial environment monitoring industry.
微生物环境监测 / 指示微生物 / 微生物传感器 / 环境微生物组 / 环境脱氧核糖核酸 / 生态评价
microbial environmental monitoring / indicator microorganisms / microbial sensors / environmental microbiome / environmental DNA / ecological assessment
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中国工程院咨询项目“中国微生物安全与健康产业发展战略研究3”(2024-XBZD-13)
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFA0910300)
国家自然科学基金项目(U24A20637)
国家外国专家个人类项目(S类)(S20240268)
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