近年来，黄河流域水资源节约集约利用水平显著提升，非常规水资源开发规模持续扩大，但流域内水资源供需的结构性矛盾与系统性压力依然突出，水资源可持续利用面临严峻挑战。本文面向黄河流域水资源短缺与高质量发展需求之间的深层次矛盾，概要梳理了包括再生水循环利用、海水淡化规模化利用、雨水集蓄利用、矿坑（井）水资源化利用、微咸水综合利用的现状与模式，辨识了黄河流域非常规水资源系统治理面临的利用规模仍不充分、顶层设计尚需完善、配套设施亟待完备、技术标准还需增强、关键技术有待突破等核心问题。进一步从差异化发展的规律性、协同发展的系统性、可持续发展的长远考量等角度，在理论层面总结了黄河流域非常规水资源开发利用的内在规律与发展逻辑，提出了“分区差异化开发+多元协同配置”为核心的黄河流域非常规水资源开发利用的总体策略，涵盖战略体系构建、资源精准配置、技术创新突破、机制保障健全等维度。本研究可为提升黄河流域非常规水资源系统治理能力、促进流域水资源可持续利用和高质量发展提供基础参考。

In recent years, the intensive utilization of water resources in the Yellow River basin has significantly improved, with the development scale of unconventional water resources continuously expanding. Nevertheless, the structural contradiction and systemic pressure between the supply and demand of water resources remain prominent, and thus the sustainable utilization of water resources in the basin faces severe challenges. This study aims to address the contradiction between water resource scarcity and the demand for high-quality development in the Yellow River basin. It reviews the current status of unconventional water resource development and utilization in the basin from the following aspects: utilization of reclaimed water, large-scale seawater desalination, rainwater harvesting, mine water utilization, and comprehensive utilization of brackish water. Key challenges are also identified from the aspects of utilization scale, top-level design, supporting infrastructure, technical standards, and critical technologies. Furthermore, this study examines the inherent principles and developmental logic governing unconventional water resource exploitation in the basin from the perspectives of differentiated, coordinated, and sustainable development. A strategy centered on "zone-specific differentiated development + diversified coordination" is proposed, encompassing strategic system construction, precise resource allocation, technological innovation breakthroughs, and robust institutional safeguards. This study can provide a fundamental reference for improving the governance of unconventional water resources and facilitating the sustainable utilization of water resources in the Yellow River basin.