随着航天技术的跨越式发展，地外原位资源利用（ISRU）正从前沿构想转向工程实践；ISRU技术作为深空探测能力体系建设的重要战略支撑，将重构未来深空探索范式，孕育出以地外原位资源为载体的新兴太空经济业态。本文旨在开展地外ISRU任务需求与关键技术调查，基于文献调研、专家评估等方法，首次构建了地外ISRU“资源 ‒ 产品”任务需求清单和地外ISRU关键技术清单，系统评估了ISRU任务的实施路径和技术发展方向。基于对地外ISRU关键技术成熟度、应用时间、发展水平与制约因素的分析，研究指出，我国地外ISRU技术实现的峰值时间将集中在2031—2036年；技术应用限制与基础设施缺乏是制约地外ISRU开发的重要因素，反映出在实际应用过程中技术应用场景匹配不充分、技术验证设施建设滞后等问题；面向未来，地外ISRU将聚焦水冰资源、月壤与火星土壤资源、气体资源、废弃物资源以及矿产资源的开发与利用等五大重点任务，以及资源勘探、原位制造与原位建造、资源开采、产品和消耗品的储存、资源加工等5方面的关键技术。本研究可为制定我国地外资源利用顶层规划提供支撑数据，推动我国深空探测可持续发展。

With the leapfrog development of space technologies, extraterrestrial in-situ resource utilization (ISRU) is transitioning from a frontier concept to engineering practices. As a crucial pillar for building deep space exploration capabilities, the ISRU technology will reshape the future paradigm of deep space exploration and give rise to an emerging space economy centered on extraterrestrial in-situ resources. This study aims to investigate the mission requirements and key technologies for extraterrestrial ISRU. Based on literature review, expert assessment, and other methods, it constructs for the first time a resource-product mission requirement list and a key technology list for extraterrestrial ISRU, systematically evaluating the implementation pathways and technological development directions for ISRU missions. Based on the analysis results of the maturity, application timeline, development level, and constraints of key extraterrestrial ISRU technologies, the study indicates that the peak time for the realization of China's extraterrestrial ISRU technologies will be concentrated between 2031 and 2036. Technological application constraints and a lack of infrastructure are identified as major factors hindering extraterrestrial ISRU, highlighting issues such as inadequate matching of technologies with application scenarios and lagging construction of technology verification facilities during practical implementation. Looking ahead, the major tasks for extraterrestrial ISRU will focus on the development and utilization of water ice, lunar and Martian regolith, gaseous, waste, and mineral resources. Key extraterrestrial ISRU technologies encompass five areas: resource prospecting, in-situ manufacturing and construction, resource exploitation, product and consumable storage, and resource processing technologies.