合成生物学驱动的新材料创新研究
Synthetic Biology-Driven Innovation in Advanced Materials
合成生物学作为一门新兴前沿交叉学科,正逐渐成为驱动新材料绿色创新的关键引擎。合成生物学方法依托“设计 ‒ 构建 ‒ 测试 ‒ 学习”(DBTL)循环体系,通过基因路线重构、代谢途径优化与高性能酶设计,构建可预测、可调控的微生物细胞工厂,为材料制造开辟了向生物基材料跨越的新路径。本文系统梳理了合成生物学赋能新材料的技术基础,重点分析了微生物细胞工厂合成新材料的机理、生物合成的优势,以及关键生物元件在新材料合成中的功能。在此基础上,综述了合成生物学在生物基材料、智能与功能材料、材料循环与生物降解材料等领域的典型应用,揭示了合成生物制造在材料绿色化和智能化转型中的重要作用。最后,展望了该领域的未来发展趋势并提出发展建议。合成生物学驱动新材料创新需进一步加强多学科交叉融合、加速科技成果产业化转化、推进平台化与模块化开发策略,从而为我国实现“双碳”目标与新材料产业的高质量发展提供科技支撑和战略保障。
Synthetic biology is emerging as a frontier interdisciplinary discipline that is increasingly regarded as a key driver of sustainable innovation in advanced materials. By leveraging the design-build-test-learn (DBTL) cycle and through genetic circuit reconstruction, metabolic pathway optimization, and enzyme engineering, predictable and programmable microbial cell factories are being created, enabling bio-based material production. This study summarizes the technological foundations that underpin synthetic biology in material innovation, with a focus on elucidating the mechanisms of novel material synthesis in microbial cell factories, the advantages of biosynthetic approaches, and the functional roles of key biological elements in material production. On this basis, it highlights representative applications in bio-based, smart, functional, and biodegradable materials, and discusses how synthetic biomanufacturing is reshaping the green and intelligent transformation of the materials sector. Finally, it outlines future development trends and proposes development strategies. Future progress will rely on closer interdisciplinary integration, more rapid translation into industrial practice, and the development of platform-based and modular strategies, which together will support the carbon neutrality goals and the high-quality growth of the materials industry.
synthetic biology / microbial cell factory / advanced materials / bio-based materials
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中国工程院咨询项目“我国化工新材料绿色低碳发展战略研究”(2024-XBZD-09)
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFA0913600)
国家自然科学基金项目(22425803)
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