碳捕集与碳转化关键材料发展研究
Development of Key Materials for Carbon Capture and Conversion
二氧化碳捕集、利用与封存(CCUS)技术作为我国实现碳中和目标技术组合的重要组成部分,不仅是我国化石能源近零排放的必由之路,也是钢铁、水泥等难减排行业深度脱碳的现实选择。发展高效低成本CCUS技术是实现碳中和目标的关键路径,关键材料的性能直接决定了碳捕集与碳转化技术的效率、经济性和适用性,开发具有高效分离与催化转化功能的新型材料是当前技术迭代与产业化的核心任务。本文围绕碳捕集与碳转化技术机理、关键材料的结构特征、应用场景与技术发展路径四个维度展开研究,针对吸收剂、吸附剂、分离膜等碳捕集材料体系,以及热催化、电催化、光催化等碳转化材料体系,系统梳理了国内外工业应用示范项目的研究进展与面临的技术瓶颈,指出材料性能提升与成本控制并重是产业化推广的关键挑战。同时分析了关键材料结构设计单一、工艺集成复杂、产业链协同不足、政策支持力度欠缺等共性问题。基于此,提出分领域实现材料体系创新突破、开展颠覆性技术的规模化示范、加强产业链上下游协同联动、完善政策支撑体系等发展建议,以推动碳捕集与碳转化关键材料的规模化应用,加速低碳流程再造与负碳体系构建,为实现碳中和目标奠定坚实基础。
Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technology is an essential component of China's strategy to achieve carbon neutrality. It represents the necessary pathway for near-zero emissions from fossil fuels and provides viable solutions for deep decarbonization in challenging sectors like steel and cement industries. Developing highly efficient and low-cost CCUS technologies is a critical pathway toward carbon neutrality, where the performance of key materials directly determines the economics, efficiency, and applicability of carbon capture and conversion technologies. Thus, creating novel materials with high-efficiency separation and catalytic conversion functions is central to current technological advancements and industrialization efforts. This study investigates carbon capture and conversion from four dimensions: technological principles, performance characteristics of key materials, application scenarios, and development pathways. By reviewing industrial demonstration projects in China and abroad, this study highlights research progress and technical bottlenecks of key materials, including absorbents, adsorbents, and separation membranes for carbon capture, as well as thermal catalytic, electrocatalytic, and photocatalytic materials for carbon conversion. It identifies that simultaneously improving material performance and controlling costs remains the primary challenge for industrial-scale deployment. Additionally, common issues such as simplistic material structure design, complex process integration, insufficient industrial chain coordination, and limited policy support are analyzed. Consequently, this study proposes targeted development strategies, including sector-specific innovations in material systems, large-scale demonstration of disruptive technologies, enhanced upstream‒downstream industry collaboration, and strengthened policy frameworks. These recommendations aim to accelerate the scaled application of key materials for carbon capture and conversion, foster low-carbon process restructuring, and establish a negative-carbon system, thereby laying a solid foundation for achieving China's carbon neutrality goals.
二氧化碳捕集 / 二氧化碳转化 / 关键材料 / 化学吸收 / 物理吸附 / 膜分离 / 电催化 / 热催化 / 光催化
CO2 capture / CO2 conversion / key materials / chemical absorption / physical adsorption / membrane separation / electrocatalysis / thermal catalysis / photocatalysis
| [1] |
张贤, 杨晓亮, 鲁玺. 中国二氧化碳捕集利用与封存(CCUS)年度报告 [R]. 北京: 中国21世纪议程管理中心, 全球碳捕集与封存研究院, 清华大学, 2023. |
| [2] |
Zhang X, Yang X L, Lu X. China carbon dioxide capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) annual report (2023) [R]. Beijing: The Administrative Center for China's Agenda 21, Global CCS Institute, Tsinghua University, 2023. |
| [3] |
魏一鸣, 康佳宁, 刘兰翠, 碳捕集技术发展前沿与趋势预测 [R]. 北京: 北京理工大学能源与环境政策研究中心, 2025. |
| [4] |
Wei Y M, Kang J N, Liu L C, et al. Development frontier and trend forecast of carbon capture technology [R]. Beijing: Energy and Environmental Policy Research Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, 2025. |
| [5] |
Zhang J T, Wang Z Y, Kang J N, et al. Several key issues for CCUS development in China targeting carbon neutrality [J]. Carbon Neutrality, 2022, 1(1): 17. |
| [6] |
Furre A K, Meneguolo R, Ringrose P, et al. Building confidence in CCS: From Sleipner to the northern lights project [J]. First Break, 2019, 37(7): 81‒87. |
| [7] |
Wu X Z. Shenhua Group's carbon capture and storage (CCS) demonstration [J]. Mining Report, 2014, 150(1/2): 81‒84. |
| [8] |
Bai B, Lü G Z, Li X C, et al. Quantitative measures for characterizing the sealing ability of caprock with pore networks in CO2 geological storage [J]. Energy Procedia, 2014, 63: 5435‒5442. |
| [9] |
Lu S J, Yang F, Zhang J J, et al. Research and design experience of a 150 kt/a CO2 capture and purification project in the Shaanxi Guohua Jinjie power plant [J]. Separation and Purification Technology, 2023, 320: 124089. |
| [10] |
Wu H Y, Li Q H, Sheng M L, et al. Membrane technology for CO2 capture: From pilot-scale investigation of two-stage plant to actual system design [J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2021, 624: 119137. |
| [11] |
Chen W H, Chen S M, Hung C I. Carbon dioxide capture by single droplet using Selexol, Rectisol and water as absorbents: A theoretical approach [J]. Applied Energy, 2013, 111: 731‒741. |
| [12] |
McCann N, Phan D, Wang X G, et al. Kinetics and mechanism of carbamate formation from CO2 (aq), carbonate species, and monoethanolamine in aqueous solution [J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 2009, 113(17): 5022‒5029. |
| [13] |
Goto K, Yogo K, Higashii T. A review of efficiency penalty in a coal-fired power plant with post-combustion CO2 capture [J]. Applied Energy, 2013, 111: 710‒720. |
| [14] |
刘飞, 关键, 祁志福, 燃煤电厂碳捕集、利用与封存技术路线选择 [J]. 华中科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2022, 50(7): 1‒13. |
| [15] |
Liu F, Guan J, Qi Z F, et al. Technology route selection for carbon capture utilization and storage in coal-fired power plants [J]. Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2022, 50(7): 1‒13. |
| [16] |
Liu F, Fang M X, Dong W F, et al. Carbon dioxide absorption in aqueous alkanolamine blends for biphasic solvents screening and evaluation [J]. Applied Energy, 2019, 233/234: 468‒477. |
| [17] |
Fang M X, Dong W F, Zhang Y, et al. Study on the chemical absorption main heat exchanger and process modification for 150 kt/y CCS demonstration project [J]. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 2021, 112: 103470. |
| [18] |
Hu X, Sun Q, Xiao M, et al. Energy reduction in phase-change absorbents: Bridging the gap between theory and practice with additives [J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2025, 64(25): 12605‒12615. |
| [19] |
Hong S M, Li T, Xiao M, et al. A low energy-consuming phase change absorbent of MAE/DGM/H2O for CO2 capture [J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2024, 480: 148079. |
| [20] |
Yang Y, Wang S N, Yang K H, et al. Organic solvents induced enhancement of phase-splitting behaviors and CO2 absorption performance in biphasic absorbent [J]. Separation and Purification Technology, 2025, 362: 131798. |
| [21] |
Geng Z B, Fu L, Yang Y, et al. Effect of sterically hindered amines on the cycling capacity of biphasic absorbents for industrial CO2 capture [J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2025, 157: 501‒510. |
| [22] |
Zhao F, Deng Y M, Li M Y, et al. Low-energy electrochemical CO2-amine desorption driven by the proton-coupled electron transfer reaction (PCET) [J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2024, 495: 153217. |
| [23] |
Bai L J, Zhao D F, Zhong X K, et al. Comprehensive technical analysis of CO2 absorption into a promising blended amine of DEEA-HMDA [J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 2023, 280: 119025. |
| [24] |
Mantripragada H C, Zhai H B, Rubin E S. Boundary Dam or Petra Nova‒Which is a better model for CCS energy supply? [J]. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 2019, 82: 59‒68. |
| [25] |
Ye Y, Zhao X L, Chen J, et al. Pilot-scale experimental study of a new high-loading absorbent for capturing CO2 from flue gas [J]. Processes, 2022, 10(3): 599. |
| [26] |
Yu J W, Wang S J. Modeling analysis of energy requirement in aqueous ammonia based CO2 capture process [J]. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 2015, 43: 33‒45. |
| [27] |
Mao J M, Yun Y B, Li M, et al. Dual-functionalized ionic liquid biphasic solvents with aqueous-lean for industrial carbon capture: Energy-saving and high efficiency [J]. Separation and Purification Technology, 2023, 315: 123722. |
| [28] |
Soo X Y D, Lee J J C, Wu W Y, et al. Advancements in CO2 capture by absorption and adsorption: A comprehensive review [J]. Journal of CO2 Utilization, 2024, 81: 102727. |
| [29] |
Nelson T O, Coleman L J I, Green D A, et al. The dry carbonate process: Carbon dioxide recovery from power plant flue gas [J]. Energy Procedia, 2009, 1(1): 1305‒1311. |
| [30] |
Fradette L, Lefebvre S, Carley J. Demonstration results of enzyme-accelerated CO2 capture [J]. Energy Procedia, 2017, 114: 1100‒1109. |
| [31] |
Liu S N, Wei N, Jiang D L, et al. Emission reduction path for coal-based enterprises via carbon capture, geological utilization, and storage: China energy group [J]. Energy, 2023, 273: 127222. |
| [32] |
Hou R J, Fong C, Freeman B D, et al. Current status and advances in membrane technology for carbon capture [J]. Separation and Purification Technology, 2022, 300: 121863. |
| [33] |
Han Y, Winston Ho W S. Polymeric membranes for CO2 separation and capture [J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2021, 628: 119244. |
| [34] |
Robeson L M. The upper bound revisited [J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2008, 320(1/2): 390‒400. |
| [35] |
Niu Z H, He N Y, Yao Y F, et al. Mixed matrix membranes for gas separations: A review [J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2024, 494: 152912. |
| [36] |
Brickett L, Munson R, Litynski J. U.S. DOE/NETL large pilot-scale testing of advanced carbon capture technologies [J]. Fuel, 2020, 268: 117169. |
| [37] |
Merkel T, Baker R, Hao P, et al. Carbon capture with membranes: An opportunity revisited [J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2025, 738: 124829. |
| [38] |
Park H B, Kamcev J, Robeson L M, et al. Maximizing the right stuff: The trade-off between membrane permeability and selectivity [J]. Science, 2017, 356(6343): eaab0530. |
| [39] |
Peng L E, Yang Z, Long L, et al. A critical review on porous substrates of TFC polyamide membranes: Mechanisms, membrane performances, and future perspectives [J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2022, 641: 119871. |
| [40] |
Gin D L, Noble R D. Designing the next generation of chemical separation membranes [J]. Science, 2011, 332(6030): 674‒676. |
| [41] |
Rahimi M, Khurram A, Hatton T A, et al. Electrochemical carbon capture processes for mitigation of CO2 emissions [J]. Chemical Society Reviews, 2022, 51(20): 8676‒8695. |
| [42] |
Voskian S, Hatton T A. Faradaic electro-swing reactive adsorption for CO2 capture [J]. Energy & Environmental Science, 2019, 12(12): 3530‒3547. |
| [43] |
Sun K G, Tebyetekerwa M, Zhang H X, et al. Electrode, electrolyte, and membrane materials for electrochemical CO2 capture [J]. Advanced Energy Materials, 2024, 14(24): 2400625. |
| [44] |
Liu J X, Yang M Y, Zhou X Y, et al. Solid-state electrochemical carbon dioxide capture by conductive metal‒Organic framework incorporating nickel bis(diimine) units [J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2024, 146(48): 33093‒33103. |
| [45] |
Li X, Musgrave C B, Liu A D, et al. Electrifying amine carbon capture with robust redox-tunable acids [J]. Nature Communications, 2025, 16: 4339. |
| [46] |
Zhu P, Wu Z Y, Elgazzar A, et al. Continuous carbon capture in an electrochemical solid-electrolyte reactor [J]. Nature, 2023, 618(7967): 959‒966. |
| [47] |
Liu T, Wang Y P, Wu Y F, et al. Continuous decoupled redox electrochemical CO2 capture [J]. Nature Communications, 2024, 15: 10920. |
| [48] |
Blommaert M A, Aili D, Tufa R A, et al. Insights and challenges for applying bipolar membranes in advanced electrochemical energy systems [J]. ACS Energy Letters, 2021, 6(7): 2539‒2548. |
| [49] |
Oener S Z, Foster M J, Boettcher S W. Accelerating water dissociation in bipolar membranes and for electrocatalysis [J]. Science, 2020, 369(6507): 1099‒1103. |
| [50] |
Digdaya I A, Sullivan I, Lin M, et al. A direct coupled electrochemical system for capture and conversion of CO2 from oceanwater [J]. Nature Communications, 2020, 11: 4412. |
| [51] |
Jin X Y, Jin S J, Li L, et al. Direct air capture of CO2 in an electrochemical hybrid flow cell with a spatially isolated phenazine electrode [J]. Nature Energy, 2025, 10(9): 1146‒1154. |
| [52] |
Jing Y, Amini K, Xi D W, et al. Electrochemically induced CO2 capture enabled by aqueous quinone flow chemistry [J]. ACS Energy Letters, 2024, 9(7): 3526‒3535. |
| [53] |
Zhong J W, Yang X F, Wu Z L, et al. State of the art and perspectives in heterogeneous catalysis of CO2 hydrogenation to methanol [J]. Chemical Society Reviews, 2020, 49(5): 1385‒1413. |
| [54] |
Liu N, Fan Q X, Wei J, et al. Fine-tuning the active phases of CoFe alloy carbides for boosting olefin synthesis from CO2 hydrogenation [J]. ACS Catalysis, 2025, 15(1): 179‒192. |
| [55] |
Cheng K, Li Y B, Kang J C, et al. Selectivity control by relay catalysis in CO and CO2 hydrogenation to multicarbon compounds [J]. Accounts of Chemical Research, 2024, 57(5): 714‒725. |
| [56] |
Li Y N, Yao X Q, Guo Z L, et al. Powering hydrogen refueling stations with local renewable curtailment—A Lanzhou case study [J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2024, 473: 143492. |
| [57] |
Wang Y, Li W J, Lu X Y, et al. Innovating for a greener tomorrow [J]. Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2024, 38: 2024021. |
| [58] |
华东理工大学化工学院. 开车成功!华理开发全国首个燃煤烟气二氧化碳捕集制甲醇万吨级项目 [EB/OL]. (2025‑01‑20)[2025‑04‑01]. https://hgxy.ecust.edu.cn/2025/0120/c1183a175311/page.htm. |
| [59] |
School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology. Successful launch! ECUST developed China's first 10,000-ton CO2-to-methanol project from coal flue gas [EB/OL]. (2025‑01‑20)[2025‑04‑01]. https://hgxy.ecust.edu.cn/2025/0120/c1183a175311/page.htm. |
| [60] |
Wang X Y, Zeng T, Guo X H, et al. Breaking the activity-selectivity trade-off of CO2 hydrogenation to light olefins [J]. PNAS, 2024, 121(37): e2408297121. |
| [61] |
Li Z L, Wu W L, Wang M L, et al. Ambient-pressure hydrogenation of CO2 into long-chain olefins [J]. Nature Communications, 2022, 13: 2396. |
| [62] |
Al Abdulghani A J, Ganguly S, Hagmann R H, et al. Uncovering the pressure-dependent mechanism of CO2 hydrogenation to methanol on Ga-promoted Cu/ZrO2 using operando modulation-excitation DRIFTS [J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2025, 147(31): 27438‒27448. |
| [63] |
Liu X Y, Luo J, Wang H W, et al. In situ spectroscopic characterization and theoretical calculations identify partially reduced ZnO1- x/Cu interfaces for methanol synthesis from CO2 [J]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2022, 61(23): e202202330. |
| [64] |
Zhou W, Cheng K, Kang J C, et al. New horizon in C1 chemistry: Breaking the selectivity limitation in transformation of syngas and hydrogenation of CO2 into hydrocarbon chemicals and fuels [J]. Chemical Society Reviews, 2019, 48(12): 3193‒3228. |
| [65] |
Cheng K, Gu B, Liu X L, et al. Direct and highly selective conversion of synthesis gas into lower olefins: Design of a bifunctional catalyst combining methanol synthesis and carbon‒carbon coupling [J]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2016, 55(15): 4725‒4728. |
| [66] |
Hauch A, Küngas R, Blennow P, et al. Recent advances in solid oxide cell technology for electrolysis [J]. Science, 2020, 370(6513): eaba6118. |
| [67] |
Liu X H, Li S J, Chen A H, et al. Zinc hollow-fiber penetration electrode promotes ampere-level CO2 electroreduction for viable applications [J]. ACS Catalysis, 2025, 15(5): 4259‒4269. |
| [68] |
Yao Y C, Shi T, Chen W X, et al. A surface strategy boosting the ethylene selectivity for CO2 reduction and in situ mechanistic insights [J]. Nature Communications, 2024, 15: 1257. |
| [69] |
Liu Q L, Tang T, Tian Z Y, et al. A high-performance watermelon skin ion-solvating membrane for electrochemical CO2 reduction [J]. Nature Communications, 2024, 15: 6722. |
| [70] |
Petrov K V, Koopman C I, Subramanian S, et al. Bipolar membranes for intrinsically stable and scalable CO2 electrolysis [J]. Nature Energy, 2024, 9(8): 932‒938. |
| [71] |
She X J, Zhai L L, Wang Y F, et al. Pure-water-fed, electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to ethylene beyond 1, 000 h stability at 10 A [J]. Nature Energy, 2024, 9(1): 81‒91. |
| [72] |
Li S J, Wu G F, Mao J N, et al. Tensile-strained Cu penetration electrode boosts asymmetric C‒C coupling for ampere-level CO2-to-C2+ reduction in acid [J]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2024, 63(41): e202407612. |
| [73] |
Zhang Z, Huang X, Chen Z, et al. Membrane electrode assembly for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction: Principle and application [J]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2023, 62(28): e202302789. |
| [74] |
He X Y, Lin L, Li X Y, et al. Roles of copper(I) in water-promoted CO2 electrolysis to multi-carbon compounds [J]. Nature Communications, 2024, 15: 9923. |
| [75] |
Fang S Y, Rahaman M, Bharti J, et al. Photocatalytic CO2 reduction [J]. Nature Reviews Methods Primers, 2023, 3: 61. |
| [76] |
Stanley P M, Ramm V, Fischer R A, et al. Analysis of metal‒organic framework-based photosynthetic CO2 reduction [J]. Nature Synthesis, 2024, 3(3): 307‒318. |
| [77] |
Wang J Y, Li X Y, Chang C H, et al. Engineering single Ni sites on 3D cage-like cucurbit [n] uril ligands for efficient and selective CO2 photocatalytic reduction [J]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2025, 64(5): e202417384. |
| [78] |
Kaur J, Peter S C. Two-dimensional perovskites for photocatalytic CO2 reduction [J]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2025, 64(17): e202418708. |
| [79] |
Tang Q J, Li T H, Tu W G, et al. Recent advances in diverse MXenes-based structures for photocatalytic CO2 reduction into renewable hydrocarbon fuels [J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2024, 34(19): 2311609. |
| [80] |
Ye J Y, Dimitratos N, Rossi L M, et al. Hydrogenation of CO2 for sustainable fuel and chemical production [J]. Science, 2025, 387(6737): eadn9388. |
| [81] |
Sun H M, Sun S Z, Liu T, et al. Integrated CO2 capture and utilization: Selection, matching, and interactions between adsorption and catalytic sites [J]. ACS Catalysis, 2024, 14(20): 15572‒15589. |
| [82] |
Lv Z Z, Du H, Xu S J, et al. Techno-economic analysis on CO2 mitigation by integrated carbon capture and methanation [J]. Applied Energy, 2024, 355: 122242. |
| [83] |
Qiao Y T, Liu W S, Guo R N, et al. Techno-economic analysis of integrated carbon capture and utilisation compared with carbon capture and utilisation with syngas production [J]. Fuel, 2023, 332: 125972. |
| [84] |
Sun S Z, Chen Z, Xu Y K, et al. Potassium-promoted limestone for preferential direct hydrogenation of carbonates in integrated CO2 capture and utilization [J]. JACS Au, 2024, 4(1): 72‒79. |
| [85] |
Zhou Z J, Sun N N, Wang B D, et al. 2D-layered Ni‒MgO‒Al2O3 nanosheets for integrated capture and methanation of CO2 [J]. ChemSusChem, 2020, 13(2): 360‒368. |
| [86] |
Zhang Y R, Li L J, Zhao S, et al. Effects of Ni loading and Ce doping on a CaO-based dual function material for integrated carbon capture and in situ methanation [J]. Catalysis Science & Technology, 2024, 14(5): 1255‒1265. |
中国工程院咨询项目“我国化工新材料绿色低碳发展战略研究”(2024-XBZD-09)
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |