我国主动健康发展现状、挑战及对策研究
张健 , 姜京徽 , 陈靖林 , 陈莹 , 张壁程 , 陈沁阳 , 王慧 , 陈超雯 , 唐佩福 , 王宏广
中国工程科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (6) : 1 -11.
我国主动健康发展现状、挑战及对策研究
Proactive Health in China: Current Status, Challenges, and Policy Responses
主动健康是指个人作为健康的第一责任人,主动提高健康意识、运用健康科技、促进健康水平的生活方式与文化的综合健康模式。主动健康与医疗服务、疾病预防、中医治未病共同组成健康保障体系。主动健康概念提出近40年来,我国主动健康仍然处于研发示范阶段,公众参与率偏低,相关技术、产业、服务和政策体系尚未完善,推动主动健康发展面临五大挑战:意识不强、技术薄弱、重点人群健康保障薄弱、应对人口老龄化与慢病支撑不足、政策体系不完善。研究发现,我国推动主动健康具有保障人民健康、促进经济发展、服务民族振兴等三重作用。研究提出,主动健康的要义是个人主动促进健康,“全人群、全生命周期、全要素(生活方式)”促进健康;目标是“少生病、晚生病、生小病”,原则是“个人主体、政府引导、社会参与、创新驱动、国际协作”;主动健康的六大支柱是膳食、运动、心理、睡眠、居住环境与健康管理;“十五五”时期主动健康的重点任务是战略创新、技术创新、体制机制创新、服务模式创新、事业产业融合、推进国际合作,加速主动健康由研发示范阶段进入社会实践阶段,提升全民健康水平、缓解医疗系统压力,探索 “中西医结合、主动健康与医疗保障结合”的中国式健康模式。
Proactive health refers to a health paradigm, lifestyle, and cultural approach in which individuals take primary responsibility for their own well-being by enhancing health awareness, leveraging health technologies, and actively promoting their well-being. Together with medical services, disease prevention, and the Traditional Chinese Medicine concept of "preventive treatment," proactive health constitutes an integrated health protection system. Nearly forty years after the concept was first introduced, proactive health in China remains at the stage of research and demonstration, with limited public participation and underdeveloped systems for related technologies, industries, services, and policies. Currently, the promotion of proactive health in China faces five major challenges: weak public awareness, insufficient technological capacity, inadequate health protection for key populations, limited support for coping with population aging and chronic diseases, and an incomplete policy framework. This study suggests that advancing proactive health in China serves three major purposes: safeguarding public health, promoting economic development, and contributing to national revitalization. The essence of proactive health lies in individuals actively promoting their own health through a "whole-population, whole-life-cycle, and whole-factor (lifestyle)" approach. Its goal is to "prevent disease, delay disease onset, and reduce disease severity." The guiding principles are "individual responsibility, government leadership, social participation, innovation-driven development, and international cooperation." The six pillars of proactive health are diet, physical activity, lifestyle, health management, psychological and moral well-being, and living environment. During the 15th Five-Year Plan period, key tasks for advancing proactive health include strategic innovation, technological innovation, institutional and mechanism reform, and service model innovation; fostering the integration of public initiatives and industrial development; and strengthening international cooperation. These efforts aim to accelerate the transition of proactive health from research and demonstration to broad social practice, enhance population health, ease healthcare system burdens, and explore a Chinese model of health that integrates traditional Chinese and western medicine as well as proactive health and medical security.
主动健康 / 健康中国 / 六维干预体系 / 慢性病防控 / 老龄化 / 数字健康
proactive health / Healthy China / six-dimensional intervention system / chronic disease prevention and control / aging / digital health
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