我国生物制药产业高质量发展现状、问题与对策
徐来 , 余河水 , 王兆品 , 李颖 , 杨晶晶 , 陈香美 , 顾晓松
中国工程科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (6) : 1 -14.
我国生物制药产业高质量发展现状、问题与对策
High-Quality Development of China's Biopharmaceutical Industry: Current Status, Challenges, and Strategic Measures
生物制药行业作为现代医药领域的核心驱动力,在维护国民健康、推动经济发展与科技进步等层面,发挥着无可替代的关键作用,相较于全球医药创新前沿阵营,我国医药产业在创新能级上仍存在明显代际差。本文全面分析了我国生物制药产业的发展现状,深入探讨了产业发展过程中面临的问题与挑战,系统研究了国际生物制药产业的发展趋势与竞争态势,进而从强化政策扶持力度、强化创新驱动、加强人才培养、完善产业链条、加强国际合作等方面提出了符合我国国情的生物制药产业发展战略和对策建议,推动我国从生物制药大国向生物制药强国转变,为人民群众提供更加优质、高效、便捷的医疗服务,助力健康中国建设。
The biopharmaceutical industry, serving as the core driving force in the realm of modern medicine, assumes an irreplaceable role in safeguarding national health, propelling economic development, and fostering technological advancements. When juxtaposed with the global vanguard of pharmaceutical innovation, China’s pharmaceutical industry still exhibits a notable generational disparity in terms of innovation capabilities. This study analyzes the current development status of China’s biopharmaceutical industry, delving into the issues and challenges encountered during its development. It also examines the development trends and competitive landscape of the international biopharmaceutical industry. Subsequently, considering China’s national circumstances, this study proposes development strategies and policy recommendations for the biopharmaceutical industry in several aspects. These include intensifying policy support, bolstering innovation-driven impetus, strengthening talent cultivation, optimizing the industrial chain, and enhancing international cooperation. The overarching aim is to facilitate China’s transition from a large biopharmaceutical nation to a strong biopharmaceutical power, thereby offering the public more high-quality, efficient, and accessible medical services and contributing to the construction of the Healthy China initiative.
biopharmaceuticals / artificial intelligence / drug delivery / cell therapy
| [1] |
朱姝. 新形势下我国生物医药产业面临的机遇与挑战 [J]. 科技中国, 2023 (8): 17‒21. |
| [2] |
Zhu S. Opportunities and challenges faced by China’s biomedical industry under the new situation [J]. Science and Technology in China, 2023 (8): 17‒21. |
| [3] |
刘伟华, 王艺斐, 孙晓婷, 基于干细胞记忆和中央记忆细胞的CAR-T细胞抗肿瘤治疗策略 [J]. 细胞与分子免疫学杂志, 2024, 40(12): 1121‒1126. |
| [4] |
Liu W H, Wang Y F, Sun X T, et al. Anti-tumor therapy strategy of CAR-T cells based on stem cell memory and central memory cells [J]. Chinese Journal of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, 2024, 40(12): 1121‒1126. |
| [5] |
吴翠玲, 李培进, 蔡国友, 对生物医药产业可持续发展战略的思考 [J]. 中国生物工程杂志, 2003, 23(11): 100‒103. |
| [6] |
Wu C L, Li P J, Cai G Y, et al. Research on the sustainable development of biomedicine industry [J]. Progress in Biotechnology, 2003, 23(11): 100‒103. |
| [7] |
刘光东, 丁洁, 武博. 基于全球价值链的我国高新技术产业集群升级研究——以生物医药产业集群为例 [J]. 软科学, 2011, 25(3): 36‒41. |
| [8] |
Liu G D, Ding J, Wu B. Research on chinas high⁃tech industry cluster upgrading based on global value chain—A case study of biomedical industrial cluster [J]. Soft Science, 2011, 25(3): 36‒41. |
| [9] |
机械工业信息研究院. 2023年中国生物制药行业报告 [R]. 北京: 机械工业信息研究院, 2023. |
| [10] |
China Machinery Industry Information Institute. 2023 China biopharmaceutical industry report [R]. Beijing: China Machinery Industry Information Institute, 2023. |
| [11] |
中国产业研究院. 2025—2030年国内外生物医药行业全景研究与发展趋势预测报告 [EB/OL]. (2025-07-01)[2025-08-10]. https://www.chinairn.com/news/20250701/162926882.shtml. |
| [12] |
China Industry Research Institute. 2025—2030 global and domestic biomedical industry panorama research and development trend forecast report [EB/OL]. (2025-07-01)[2025-08-10]. https://www.chinairn.com/news/20250701/162926882.shtml. |
| [13] |
吴晓隽, 高汝熹, 杨舟. 美国生物医药产业集群的模式、特点及启示 [J]. 中国科技论坛, 2008 (1): 132‒135. |
| [14] |
Wu X J, Gao R X, Yang Z. Mode, characteristics and enlightenment of American biomedical industry cluster [J]. Forum on Science and Technology in China, 2008 (1): 132‒135. |
| [15] |
房欲飞. 美国生物医药产业人才供给经验及启示 [J]. 世界教育信息, 2024, 37(7): 23‒31. |
| [16] |
Fang Y F. Experiences and insights from the talent supply in the US biopharmaceutical industry [J]. World Education Information, 2024, 37(7): 23‒31. |
| [17] |
於莲莲, 林琳, 田丽娟. 美国和欧盟的药品沟通交流制度研究及启示 [J]. 中国新药杂志, 2024, 33(21): 2193‒2201. |
| [18] |
Yu L L, Lin L, Tian L J. Study and enlightenment on drug communication system in US and EU [J]. Chinese Journal of New Drugs, 2024, 33(21): 2193‒2201. |
| [19] |
新华社. 李强主持召开国务院常务会议 研究部署推进数字经济高质量发展有关工作等[EB/OL].(2024-07-05)[2025-04-20]. https://www.gov.cn/yaowen/liebiao/202407/content_6961543.htm. |
| [20] |
Xinhua News Agency. Li Qiang hosted a standing committee meeting of the State Council to study and deploy work on promoting high-quality development of the digital economy, etc. [EB/OL]. (2024-07-05)[2025-04-20]. https://www.gov.cn/yaowen/liebiao/202407/content_6961543.htm. |
| [21] |
中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院. 印度科技部发布《2021~2025年国家生物技术发展战略》 [EB/OL]. (2021-11-10)[2025-04-20]. http://www.casisd.cn/zkcg/ydkb/kjqykb/2021/202109/202111/t20211110_6248425.html. |
| [22] |
Institute of Science and Technology Strategy Consulting, Chinese Academy of Sciences. India’s Ministry of Science and Technology releases the National biotechnology development strategy 2021—2025 [EB/OL]. (2021-11-10)[2025-04-20]. http://www.casisd.cn/zkcg/ydkb/kjqykb/2021/202109/202111/t20211110_6248425.html. |
| [23] |
Wang S W, Gao C, Zheng Y M, et al. Current applications and future perspective of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in cancer [J]. Molecular Cancer, 2022, 21(1): 57. |
| [24] |
周道岩, 林志超, 薛钰, 抗体偶联药物的研究进展 [J]. 临床合理用药, 2025, 18(24): 172‒174. |
| [25] |
Zhou D Y, Lin Z C, Xue Y, et al. Research progress of antibody-coupled drugs [J]. Chinese Journal of Clinical Rational Drug Use, 2025, 18(24): 172‒174. |
| [26] |
练晓彤, 雷宇. Claudin 18.2抗体偶联药物的临床研究进展 [J]. 中国新药杂志, 2025, 34(7): 720‒726. |
| [27] |
Lian X T, Lei Y. Clinical research progress on Claudin 18.2 antibody-drug conjugates [J]. Chinese Journal of New Drugs, 2025, 34(7): 720‒726. |
| [28] |
映恩生物. 新型EGFR/HER3 ADC药物 AVZO-1418/DB-1418 1/2期临床研究完成首次患者给药 [EB/OL]. (2025-07-09)[2025-08-10]. https://www.dualitybiologics.com/news/591.html. |
| [29] |
Duality Biologics. First patient dosing completed for the Phase 1/2 clinical study of novel EGFR/HER3 ADC drug AVZO-1418/DB-1418 [EB/OL]. (2025-07-09)[2025-08-10]. https://www.dualitybiologics.com/news/591.html. |
| [30] |
康方生物. 依沃西一线治疗PD-L1高表达NSCLC国际多中心Ⅲ期(vs帕博利珠单抗)中国部分高效推进 [EB/OL]. (2025-08-29)[2025-09-02]. https://www.akesobio.com/cn/media/akeso-news/20250829/. |
| [31] |
Akso Bio. Efficient advancement of the international multi-center Phase III study of AK105 (Ivoraxty) as first-line treatment for PD-L1 highly expressed NSCLC (vs Pembrolizumab) in China [EB/OL]. (2025-08-29)[2025-09-02]. https://www.akesobio.com/cn/media/akeso-news/20250829/. |
| [32] |
陆佩瑶, 陈丽华, 向阳. 抗体偶联药物在妇科肿瘤中的研究进展 [J]. 肿瘤药学, 2025, 15(1): 10‒20. |
| [33] |
Lu P Y, Chen L H, Xiang Y. Research progress of antibody-drug conjugates in gynecological tumors [J]. Anti-Tumor Pharmacy, 2025, 15(1): 10‒20. |
| [34] |
刘连奇, 肖典, 钟武, 抗体偶联药物的相关毒性和研究对策 [J]. 中国药物警戒, 2024, 21(7): 721‒729. |
| [35] |
Liu L Q, Xiao D, Zhong W, et al. Toxicity associated with antibody-drug conjugates and corresponding research strategies [J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmacovigilance, 2024, 21(7): 721‒729. |
| [36] |
卢蓉蓉, 瞿菲, 李薇. 抗体偶联药物用于乳腺癌治疗的耐药机制研究进展 [J]. 南京医科大学学报(自然科学版), 2025, 45(5): 707‒717. |
| [37] |
Lu R R, Qu F, Li W. Advances in the drug resistance mechanism of antibody-drug conjugates in breast cancer [J]. Journal of Nanjing Medical University, 2025, 45(5): 707‒717. |
| [38] |
Van Looy B, Grabowska M, Vlaisavljevic V, et al. Growth of biotech clusters over several decades through pioneering, variety and entrepreneurial science [J]. Nature Biotechnology, 2024, 42(1): 20‒25. |
| [39] |
Drucker D J. Efficacy and safety of GLP-1 medicines for type 2 diabetes and obesity [J]. Diabetes Care, 2024, 47(11): 1873‒1888. |
| [40] |
梁云, 岳霄霄, 邵蓉. 粤港澳大湾区生物医药产业发展分析及建议 [J]. 中国药房, 2021, 32(21): 2566‒2574. |
| [41] |
Liang Y, Yue X X, Shao R. Analysis and suggestions on the development of biomedical industry in Guangdong‒Hong Kong‒Macao greater bay area [J]. China Pharmacy, 2021, 32(21): 2566‒2574. |
| [42] |
严舒, 张婷, 欧阳昭连. 京津冀生物医药产业政策三维量化比较 [J]. 中国药业, 2025, 34(16): 1‒7. |
| [43] |
Yan S, Zhang T, Ouyang Z L. Three dimensional quantitative comparison of biopharmaceutical industry policies in the Beijing‒Tianjin‒Hebei region [J]. China Pharmaceuticals, 2025, 34(16): 1‒7. |
| [44] |
蔡芷菁. 创新政策与区域创新环境协同对区域生物医药产业发展的影响: 香港和纽约生物医药产业对比 [J]. 科技管理研究, 2025, 45(6): 19‒26. |
| [45] |
Cai Z J. The synergistic effect of innovation policy and regional innovation environmenton the development of regional biomedical industry: A comparison of biomedical industry between Hong Kong and New York [J]. Science and Technology Management Research, 2025, 45(6): 19‒26. |
| [46] |
巢艾伦, 杨依晗, 李明, 2023年上海生物医药产业发展报告 [J]. 上海医药, 2025, 46(1): 3‒7. |
| [47] |
Chao A L, Yang Y H, Li M, et al. Shanghai report on the development of biopharmaceutical industry in 2023 [J]. Shanghai Medical & Pharmaceutical Journal, 2025, 46(1): 3‒7. |
| [48] |
药明生物. 药明生物新加坡一体化CRDMO中心正式开工奠基[EB/OL]. (2024-03-19)[2025-05-02]. https://www.akesobio.com/cn/media/akeso-news/20250829/. |
| [49] |
Wuxi Biologics. Groundbreaking ceremony of Wuxi Biologics’ integrated CRDMO center in Singapore [EB/OL]. (2024-03-19)[2025-05-02]. https://www.akesobio.com/cn/media/akeso-news/20250829/. |
| [50] |
国家发展和改革委员会.关于印发《“十四五”生物经济发展规划》的通知[EB/OL]. (2021-12-20)[2025-05-30]. https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2022-05/10/content_5689556.htm. |
| [51] |
National Development and Reform Commission. Notice on the issuance of the 14th Five-Year plan for the development of the bioeconomy [EB/OL]. (2021-12-20)[2025-05-30]. https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2022-05/10/content_5689556.htm. |
| [52] |
工业和信息化部, 国家发展和改革委员会, 科学技术部, 关于印发“十四五”医药工业发展规划的通知 [EB/OL]. (2021-12-22)[2025-05-30]. https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2022-01/31/content_5671480.htm. |
| [53] |
Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Science and Technology, et al. Notice on the issuance of the “14th Five-Year” plan for the development of the pharmaceutical industry [EB/OL]. (2021-12-22)[2025-05-30]. https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2022-01/31/content_5671480.htm. |
| [54] |
中共中央办公厅, 国务院办公厅. 关于印发《关于深化审评审批制度改革鼓励药品医疗器械创新的意见》 [EB/OL]. (2017-10-08)[2025-05-30]. https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2017-10/08/content_5230105.htm. |
| [55] |
General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, General Office of the State Council. Issuance of the Opinions on deepening the reform of the review and approval system and encouraging innovation in drugs and medical devices [EB/OL]. (2017-10-08)[2025-05-30]. https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2017-10/08/content_5230105.htm. |
| [56] |
国务院办公厅. 国务院办公厅关于全面深化药品医疗器械监管改革促进医药产业高质量发展的意见 [EB/OL]. (2025-01-03)[2025-05-30]. https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/202501/content_6996117.htm. |
| [57] |
General Office of the State Council. Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on comprehensively deepening the reform of drug and medical device supervision and administration to promote high-quality development of the pharmaceutical industry [EB/OL]. (2025-01-03)[2025-05-30]. https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/202501/content_6996117.htm. |
| [58] |
药明生物. 药明生物创新生物工艺技术平台WuXiUITM成功完成首次2000升GMP生产放大 [EB/OL]. (2024-08-30)[2025-05-30]. https://www.wuxibiologics.com.cn/wuxi-biologics-successfully-completes-first-scale-up-of-high-productivity-bioprocessing-platform-wuxiuitm-in-2000l-gmp-manufacturing/. |
| [59] |
Wuxi Biologics. WuXi Biologics’ innovative bioprocess technology platform, WuXi UITM, successfully completed its first 2000-liter GMP production scale-up [EB/OL]. (2024-08-30)[2025-05-30]. https://www.wuxibiologics.com.cn/wuxi-biologics-successfully-completes-first-scale-up-of-high-productivity-bioprocessing-platform-wuxiuitm-in-2000l-gmp-manufacturing/. |
| [60] |
新华社. “十四五”以来我国医药工业主营业务收入年均增速达9.3% [EB/OL]. (2023-10-24)[2025-05-30]. https://www.gov.cn/lianbo/bumen/202310/content_6911347.htm. |
| [61] |
Xinhua News Agency. China's pharmaceutical industry's main business income has grown at an average annual rate of 9.3% since the “14th Five-Year” plan [EB/OL]. (2023-10-24)[2025-05-30]. https://www.gov.cn/lianbo/bumen/202310/content_6911347.htm. |
| [62] |
中研网. 细胞治疗行业发展现状及机遇与风险预测2025 [EB/OL].(2025-03-11)[2025-04-10]. https://www.chinairn.com/scfx/20250311/170227987.shtml. |
| [63] |
China Research Network. Current status, opportunities and risks forecast of the cell therapy industry in 2025 [EB/OL]. (2025-03-11)[2025-04-10]. https://www.chinairn.com/scfx/20250311/170227987.shtml. |
| [64] |
冯翔慧. 凝聚产学研医创新力量 共促生物医药产业发展——第六届中国生物医药产业链创新转化论坛暨首届粤港澳大湾区生物医药产业创新转化论坛在广州举行 [J]. 中国科技产业, 2025 (1): 10‒11. |
| [65] |
Feng X H. Cohesion of industry‒university‒research’s medical innovation force and promoting the development of biomedical industry—The 6th China biomedical industry chain innovation and transformation forum and the 1st Guangdong‒Hong Kong‒Macao greater bay area biomedical industry innovation and transformation forum were held in Guangzhou [J]. Science & Technology Industry of China, 2025 (1): 10‒11. |
| [66] |
中国科学院科技战略研究院. 美国会通过主要科学资助机构2023财年研发预算拨款法案 [EB/OL]. (2023-04-27)[2025-04-10]. http://www.casisd.cas.cn/zkcg/ydkb/kjzcyzxkb/2023/zczxkb202302/202304/t20230427_6746645.html. |
| [67] |
Institute of Science and Technology Strategy Consulting, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The US Congress passes the 2023 fiscal year R&D budget appropriation bill for major science funding agencies [EB/OL]. (2023-04-27)[2025-04-10]. http://www.casisd.cas.cn/zkcg/ydkb/kjzcyzxkb/2023/zczxkb202302/202304/t20230427_6746645.html. |
| [68] |
中国医药创新促进会. 2020年中国药企获FDA批准96个ANDA(附名单) [EB/OL]. (2021-01-06)[2025-04-10]. https://www.phirda.com/artilce_23358.html. |
| [69] |
China Pharmaceutical Innovation Association. 96 ANDAs approved by FDA for Chinese pharmaceutical companies in 2020 (with list) [EB/OL]. (2021-01-06)[2025-04-10]. https://www.phirda.com/artilce_23358.html. |
| [70] |
Linkedin. 全球大健康领域人才趋势洞察 [R]. 北京: Linkedin,2022. |
| [71] |
Linkedin. Global talent trends in the health and wellness sector [R]. Beijing: Linkedin, 2022. |
| [72] |
Brown D G, Wobst H J, Kapoor A, et al. Clinical development times for innovative drugs [J]. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 2022, 21(11): 793‒794. |
| [73] |
刘云, 房浩超. 人工智能赋能产业创新生态系统动态演进: 驱动因素与具体路径 [J]. 科技进步与对策, 2025, 42(13): 1‒13. |
| [74] |
Liu Y, Fang H C. The dynamic evolution of artificial intelligence-empowered industrial innovation ecosystem: Driving factors and specific paths [J]. Science & Technology Progress and Policy, 2025, 42(13): 1‒13. |
| [75] |
Anke Geipel-Kern. 人工智能如何改变生物制药行业 [J]. 流程工业, 2024 (8): 16‒18. |
| [76] |
Geipel-Kern A. How AI is changing the biopharmaceutical industry [J]. Process, 2024 (8): 16‒18. |
| [77] |
张芮晴. 美国信息技术与创新基金会发布《利用人工智能加速生物制药行业创新》报告 [J]. 科技中国, 2025 (1): 108. |
| [78] |
Zhang R Q. The American Information Technology and Innovation Foundation released the report Using artificial intelligence to accelerate the innovation of biopharmaceutical industry [J]. Science and Technology in China, 2025 (1): 108. |
| [79] |
袁珩. ITIF: 利用人工智能加速生物制药创新 [J]. 科技中国, 2025 (7): 88‒92. |
| [80] |
Yuan H. ITIF: Using artificial intelligence to accelerate biopharmaceutical innovation [J]. Science and Technology in China, 2025 (7): 88‒92. |
| [81] |
张学博, 马征远, 袁银池, 人工智能驱动下的制药产业变革 [J]. 竞争情报, 2024 (5): 28‒36. |
| [82] |
Zhang X B, Ma Z Y, Yuan Y C, et al. The pharmaceutical industry transformation driven by artificial intelligence [J]. Competitive Intelligence, 2024 (5): 28‒36. |
| [83] |
万宇, 郑维恒, 蒋阅, 人工智能在制药行业的应用进展 [J]. 药学进展, 2023, 47(10): 741‒750. |
| [84] |
Wan Y, Zheng W H, Jiang Y, et al. Application progress of artificial intelligence in the pharmaceutical industry [J]. Progress in Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2023, 47(10): 741‒750. |
中国工程院咨询项目“我国生物医药产业高质量发展战略研究”(2023-XBZD-11)
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |