我国海上风电制氢技术发展意义、现状与展望
Development Significance, Current Status, and Prospects of Offshore Wind-to-Hydrogen Technology in China
在“双碳”目标背景下,海上风电制取绿氢得到了广泛关注。我国处于海上风电制氢产业的起步阶段,对其进行全面深入的分析至关重要。本文立足于我国海上风电制氢产业发展,剖析其发展的内在驱动力,梳理分析海上风电制氢项目概况、技术路线以及关键装备,研判不同技术路线、关键装备的适用场景和待攻克问题,提出针对性发展建议。研究发现,海上风电制氢是我国实现能源安全、沿海省市低碳转型以及规模化深远海风电消纳与送出的重要路径和经济性方案,也是我国发展海上风电制氢的内在驱动力。目前,国内外海上风电制氢产业发展的重点在于验证不同技术路线、关键装备的可行性,我国则呈现出由国家重大项目为指引、由大型国企和民企主导建设的局面。在海上风电制氢的技术路线中,与陆上制氢相比,海上集中式制氢适用于离岸距离较远的海上风电场。在关键技术装备方面,海洋环境对海上氢气制备和储运技术提出了新的要求,适配海洋场景的高可靠性装备体系仍需突破。最后,从完善顶层设计与标准体系、创新经济激励与产业协同生态、聚力技术攻关与人才保障3个维度提出了发展建议,为我国海上风电制氢产业发展提供一定的研究支持和路径参考。
Against the backdrop of the carbon peaking and carbon neutralization goals, offshore wind-to-hydrogen technology has garnered widespread attention. China is in the initial stages of the industrialization of offshore wind-to-hydrogen, making comprehensive and in-depth analysis particularly crucial. Based on the development of China's offshore wind-to-hydrogen industry, this study first examines the intrinsic motivation of its development, and analyzes the overview, technological pathways, and key equipment of offshore wind-to-hydrogen projects. Assessments are conducted on the applicable scenarios and challenges of different technological pathways and key equipment, and development recommendations are proposed. The study finds that offshore wind-to-hydrogen is an important pathway and cost-effective solution for China to achieve energy security, low-carbon transformation in coastal provinces and cities, as well as the consumption and transmission of large-scale far-offshore wind power. These benefits constitute the fundamental impetus behind China's push for offshore wind-to-hydrogen development. Currently, the global offshore wind-to-hydrogen industry focuses on verifying the feasibility of different technological pathways and key equipment. In China, the industry is guided by national major projects and dominated by large state-owned and private enterprises. Among the technological pathways, centralized offshore hydrogen production is suitable for far-offshore wind farms. In terms of key equipment, the marine environment imposes new requirements on offshore hydrogen production, storage, and transportation technologies, and a high-reliability equipment system adapted to marine scenarios still requires breakthroughs. Finally, development recommendations are proposed from three dimensions: enhancing top-level design and standards systems, fostering innovative economic incentives and a collaborative industrial ecosystem, and concentrating efforts on technological breakthroughs and talent development. Based on the analysis, this study can provide research support and pathway references for the development of China's offshore wind-to-hydrogen industry.
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国家自然科学基金项目(52561160111)
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