风光可再生能源高水平开发利用策略研究
High-Level Development and Utilization of Wind and Solar Renewable Energy
随着技术进步与“双碳”战略深入实施,风电、光伏等可再生能源已从补充能源逐步发展为主体能源,未来将在能源体系中承担关键作用;但风光可再生能源具有天然间歇性、波动性与随机性特征,将其转化为可调控的灵活资源,成为亟待解决的重大科学与工程问题。本文梳理了风光可再生能源高水平开发利用面临的问题和挑战,提出了风光可再生能源间歇性、波动性和随机性转变为灵活性的路径和关键策略,并给出了具体措施建议。研究提出,坚持加强“源网荷储”协同互动的总体路径,通过加强可再生能源开发与传统电源改造、提升电网资源配置能力、提升多元负荷的精准监控和需求响应能力、建设分层级多元化储能调控体系等关键策略,可以实现风光可再生能源特性的转变以及高水平开发利用。研究建议,完善相关法律法规和政策体系,优化分布式可再生能源发展的支持政策,加快提升集中式可再生能源开发的零碳效益水平,深化电力体制改革,适度超前布局电网基础设施,挖掘各类灵活性调节资源潜力,持续加快可再生能源关键技术创新,加强政策协同与监管,以深入推动风光可再生能源的高水平开发利用,助力实现“双碳”和能源强国建设目标。
With technological advancement and the deepening pursuit of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power have evolved from being supplementary into mainstays of the energy system, poised to serve as its very backbone. However, wind and solar energy sources are inherently intermittent, fluctuating, and stochastic. Therefore, how to transform these energy into controllable, flexible resources has emerged as a pressing scientific and engineering challenge. This study reviews the challenges confronting the high-level development and utilization of wind and solar renewables, sets forth pathways and key strategies for converting their intermittency, volatility, and randomness into flexibility, and offers concrete policy recommendations. The study proposes that, by adhering to the overarching approach of strengthening coordinated interaction among "source, grid, load, and storage," and by advancing renewable energy development alongside conventional power source retrofitting, enhancing the grid's capacity for resource allocation, improving precision monitoring and demand response of diversified loads, and establishing a hierarchical, diversified energy storage regulation system, the intrinsic characteristics of wind and solar energy can be fundamentally reshaped, enabling their high-level exploitation. The study further recommends refining relevant laws, regulations, and policy frameworks; optimizing support policies for distributed renewable energy; enhancing zero-carbon benefits from centralized renewable development; deepening power sector reforms; deploying grid infrastructure with moderate foresight; unlocking the potentials of various flexibility resources; continuously accelerating innovation in key renewable technologies; and strengthening policy coordination and oversight, so as to drive the high-quality development and utilization of wind and solar renewables and advance the goals of carbon peaking, carbon neutrality, and building an energy-strong nation.
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中国工程院咨询项目“高水平开发利用可再生能源:由间歇性转向灵活性的策略研究”(2024-HZ-24)
内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2025KJHZ0047)
中国气象局政策研究气象软科学课题(2025RKXMS14)
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