韧性系统工程:概念、方法与挑战
Resilience Systems Engineering: Concepts, Methods and Challenges
智能时代的复杂系统具有多域互联、“人 ‒ 机 ‒ 物”高度融合等特征,在开放、动态甚至对抗环境下受到多维扰动威胁,生存性、可用性面临挑战。针对经典系统工程理论方法在应对不确定性、突发扰动方面的不足,本文提出了韧性系统工程概念并构建了方法框架,探索了系统设计阶段的“韧性设计内置”,以提升复杂系统持续运行与适应演进能力。梳理了韧性概念的多学科定义与内涵,明确了扰动因素分类、韧性能力阶段划分,对比了韧性与容错性、生存性、安全性、鲁棒性等的差异性。在经典系统工程理论方法的基础上引入了韧性理论要素,提出了韧性系统工程的概念与方法流程,将预防、抵御、适应、恢复、演进等韧性能力融入系统全生命周期设计中。构建了涵盖通用指标、领域特定指标,由定量评估、定性评估构成的韧性度量框架,并以自主巡航机器人系统为例阐述了韧性系统工程方法的应用过程。以电力能源系统、信息通信网络、无人智能系统、供应链网络为典型领域,探讨了韧性理论方法的工程化探索情况,进而辨析了落地应用面临的挑战。通过持续的理论创新、方法完善、工程实践,将韧性系统工程发展成为系统工程的新范式,为关键基础设施、智能无人装备、复杂系统的安全可靠与持续运行提供坚实的理论方法支撑。
Complex systems in the intelligent era are characterized by multi-domain interconnection and deep integration of human, machine, and things. Operating in open, dynamic, and even adversarial environments, these systems are exposed to multi-dimensional disturbance threats, posing severe challenges to their survivability and usability. To address the limitations of classical systems engineering theories and methods in handling uncertainties and sudden disturbances, this study proposes a concept of resilience systems engineering and constructs its methodological framework. It explores the paradigm of "built-in resilience design" during the system design phase, aiming to enhance the continuous operation, adaptive, and evolutionary capabilities of complex systems. Moreover, the study sorts out the multidisciplinary definitions of resilience, clarifies the classification of disturbance factors and the division of resilience capability phases, and compares the differences between resilience and other related concepts such as fault tolerance, survivability, security, and robustness. On the basis of classical systems engineering theories and methods, this study introduces the theoretical elements of resilience, proposes the concept and methodological process of resilience systems engineering, and integrates resilience capabilities (including prevention, resistance, adaptation, recovery, and evolution) into the full lifecycle design of systems. A resilience measurement framework is established, which covers both general indicators and domain-specific indicators, and consists of quantitative and qualitative evaluation dimensions. Taking the autonomous cruise robot system as a case study, the study elaborates on the application process of the resilience systems engineering method. Focusing on typical fields including power energy systems, information and communication networks, unmanned intelligent systems, and supply chain networks, this study discusses the engineering exploration of resilience theories and methods, and further analyzes the challenges faced in their practical implementation. Through continuous theoretical innovation, methodological improvement, and engineering practices, resilience systems engineering is expected to evolve into a new paradigm of systems engineering, providing solid theoretical and methodological support for the safe, reliable, and continuous operation of critical infrastructure, intelligent unmanned equipment, and complex systems.
韧性 / 系统工程 / 韧性系统工程 / 韧性评估 / 基于模型的系统设计 / 形式化方法
resilience / systems engineering / resilience systems engineering / resilience assessment / model-based system design / formal methods
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基础加强计划重点项目(2025-JCJQ-ZD-015-00)
某综合研究项目(JK2023B010300-4)
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