车网互动技术研究进展及规模化应用展望
Vehicle-to-Grid Interaction Technology: Research Progress and Prospects for Large-Scale Application
随着新能源汽车加速渗透、交通 – 能源融合纵深推进,车网互动(V2G)成为挖掘“车 – 桩/站场”系统灵活性资源、支撑新型电力系统建设的重要技术途径。本文梳理了V2G基础设施及技术应用现状,涉及充电基础设施、V2G平台技术体系与数据安全、V2G示范应用以及相应的国际进展与经验等;从双向充电桩、动力电池充放电安全管理、信息通信与隐私保护等硬件设备,电动汽车灵活性资源聚合与建模、“车 – 桩 / 站场”一体化运行调度优化、“桩/站场 – 配电网”协同控制与联合调度、场站选址与容量规划优化、绿色园区与分布式能源系统协同运行等资源管理调控,关键技术布局与创新趋势等方面总结了V2G关键技术研究进展。在研判车端电池寿命与安全约束、桩端互联互通与性能短板、网端数据支撑与市场机制薄弱等V2G规模化应用挑战的基础上,阐述了V2G规模化发展的分阶段路径,凝练了人工智能驱动的资源优化利用、交通 – 能源融合系统协同优化运行两大关键技术。提出了构建智能互联和统一标准的基础设施体系、聚焦关键技术攻关与示范应用、强化数据安全治理与系统韧性保障、健全市场规则和商业模式、构建跨部门协同的政策合力机制等发展建议,为V2G技术研究深化、规模化应用落地提供理论支撑与决策参考。
With the popularization of new energy vehicles and the advancement of transportation‒energy integration, vehicle-to-grid (V2G) interaction has become an important technological pathway for tapping the flexible resources of vehicle‒pile/station systems and for supporting the construction of new-type power systems. This study reviews the status of V2G infrastructure and applications, involving charging infrastructure, V2G platform technology systems and data security, V2G demonstration applications, and related international progress and experience. It also summarizes the research progress of key V2G technologies from there perspectives: hardware devices, resource management and regulation, and key technology layout and innovation trends. Specifically, the research progress regarding hardware devices involves bidirectional charging piles, power battery charge/discharge safety management, as well as information communication and privacy protection. The research progress in terms of resource management and regulation includes (1) flexible resource aggregation and modeling of electric vehicles, (2) optimization of integrated vehicle‒pile/station operation and dispatching, (3) coordinated control and joint dispatching between piles/stations and power distribution grids, (4) station siting and capacity planning optimization, and (5) coordinated operation of green parks and distributed energy systems. Additionally, challenges faced by large-scale V2G deployment are clarified, including battery life and safety constraints on the vehicle side, interoperability and performance shortcomings on the pile side, and inadequate data support and market mechanisms on the grid side. Based on this, the study elaborates on a phased development pathway for large-scale V2G deployment and identifies two key technologies: AI-driven optimal utilization of resources and coordinated operation of transportation‒energy integrated systems. Finally, it proposes the following recommendations: (1) building an intelligent, interconnected, and standardized infrastructure system; (2) emphasizing key technological breakthroughs and demonstration applications; (3) strengthening data security governance and system resilience; (4) improving market rules and business models; and (5) establishing cross-sector policy coordination mechanisms, thereby providing theoretical support and decision-making references for deepening V2G research and enabling its large-scale deployment.
车网互动 / 充电基础设施 / 灵活性资源 / 管理调控 / 新型电力系统
vehicle-to-grid (V2G) interaction / charging infrastructure / flexible resources / management control / new-type power system
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