我国镍钴锂钒产业链发展现状、问题与对策研究
沈政昌 , 王海北 , 王华 , 何文洁 , 沈琳 , 杨为玥 , 苏浩然 , 刘涛 , 郑朝振 , 刘立顺 , 杨必文 , 李拓夫
中国工程科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (6) : 165 -179.
我国镍钴锂钒产业链发展现状、问题与对策研究
A Review of China's Nickel, Cobalt, Lithium, and Vanadium Industry Chain: Current Status, Challenges, and Prospects
镍、钴、锂、钒是支撑我国新能源产业发展的关键矿产,当前面临资源短缺、禀赋条件差与高质利用技术瓶颈三重挑战,亟需推动产业链高质量发展。为明晰镍、钴、锂、钒产业链的发展态势,本文系统分析了镍、钴、锂、钒的全球资源分布格局、“采选冶”及回收利用技术发展现状,总结了我国镍、钴、锂、钒产业链发展的优势与存在的短板,提出了今后发展的重点任务与对策建议。研究发现,我国虽已构建了全球最完备的镍、钴、锂、钒产业链,但仍存在上游资源保障风险突出、对外依存度高、高端材料技术竞争力不足等挑战。为此,本文提出了面向2035年的镍、钴、锂、钒资源保障路径与重点任务,包括构建矿产基因数据库、突破资源综合利用技术、研发高质材料技术及产品、建设绿色循环利用体系和打造全链条创新平台。最后,为推动产业链的稳健发展,本文对镍、钴、锂、钒产业链提出了针对性对策建议,以期为我国新能源产业的高质量与可持续发展提供坚实的资源保障。
Nickel, cobalt, lithium, and vanadium are critical minerals underpinning China's new energy industry. However, they currently face triple challenges: resource shortages, poor natural endowments, and technological bottlenecks in high-value utilization. To clarify the development trajectory of the entire industrial chain, this study systematically examines the global resource distribution of nickel, cobalt, lithium, and vanadium and reviews the current status of mining, beneficiation, smelting, and recycling technologies. It summarizes China's strengths and remaining weaknesses across these four chains and proposes priority tasks and policy recommendations for the next stage. The study finds that although China has built the world's most complete industrial chains for nickel, cobalt, lithium, and vanadium, upstream supply-security risks remain significant, import dependence is high, and competitiveness in high-end materials technology is still insufficient. Therefore, the study designs a resource-security roadmap and key tasks targeted for 2035, including establishing a mineral "gene" database, advancing comprehensive utilization technologies for low-grade resources, developing high-quality material technologies and products, building a green recycling system, and creating an innovation platform spanning the full chain. Finally, tailored countermeasures and suggestions are proposed for the nickel–cobalt, lithium, and vanadium chains to promote steady industrial development, aiming to provide a solid resource support for the high-quality and sustainable growth of China's new energy sector.
新能源关键矿产 / 镍、钴、锂、钒 / 高质利用 / 绿色循环 / 协同利用
critical minerals for new energy / nickel, cobalt, lithium, and vanadium / high-value utilization / green recycling / synergisti utilization
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