高级教练机发展研究
Development of Advanced Trainer Aircraft
高级教练机是教练机中的高端机种,主要用于承担军事飞行人员高级驾驶术训练、初始战术训练等任务。高级教练机涉及军事飞行训练、飞行员培养、飞行人员队伍建设、新型航空武器装备使用、作战支援等多个专业领域,具有飞行训练与技术风险大、经济性要求高、发展周期长的特点,需要制定可行的发展路线以实现行业高质量发展。本文阐明了发展高级教练机的重要意义,总结了国际和国内高级教练机的发展历程,凝练并论述了高级教练机发展中的概念设计、气动设计、动力装置选型、飞行安全保障、座舱设计与操纵系统、地面综合训练、空地一体与机载嵌入式训练系统等关键技术问题,分析了当前高级教练机发展面临的挑战。研究提出,高级教练机发展建设应服务于新型航空武器战斗力形成、服务于军事航空飞行训练、服务于军事飞行人才培养、服务于军事航空兵部队训练和作战能力提升保障。为此建议,建立健全高级教练机建设规划和发展型谱,构建完善高级教练机协同推进机制,持续做好高级教练机科研生产和服务保障工作,深入开展高级教练机发展和飞行训练专业的预先研究,推进人工智能应用并发展中小推力航空发动机技术。
The advanced trainer aircraft represent the high-end category within trainer aircraft, primarily used for military flight personnel training regarding advanced flight maneuvering techniques and initial tactical training missions. The advanced trainer aircraft involve multiple specialized domains, such as military flight training, pilot development, flight crew cultivation, use of new aviation weaponry, and combat support. These aircraft are characterized by significant flight training and technological risks, high economic requirements, and lengthy development cycles. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate viable development roadmaps for the high-quality development of these aircraft. This study examines the importance in developing the advanced trainer aircraft, summarizes their development courses in China and abroad, and identifies several key technologies in their design and deployment. These technologies include conceptual design, aerodynamic design, engine selection, flight safety assurance, trainer's cockpit design and control systems, ground-based integrated training, as well as air-ground integrated and airborne embedded training systems. The analysis further addresses prevailing challenges in the current development. It is proposed that development of the advanced trainer aircraft must serve the combat capability generation for new aviation weaponry, requirements for military aviation flight training, cultivation of military aviation talents, and enhancement of training and operational capabilities for military aviation units. Corresponding development recommendations are provided, including establishing and optimizing a comprehensive development plan and model family for the advanced trainer aircraft; establishing a robust mechanism for collaborative development; sustaining efforts in the research, production, and service support of the aircraft; deepening pre-research in advanced trainer aircraft development and flight training methodologies; promoting the integration of artificial intelligence; and developing small- and medium-thrust aero-engine technologies.
高级教练机 / 飞行训练 / 空地一体 / 扩展现实 / 地面综合训练系统 / 机载嵌入式训练系统
advanced trainer aircraft / flight training / air-ground integration / extended reality / ground-based integrated training systems / airborne embedded training system
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