韧性海岸带生态屏障体系构建、工程难点及对策
System Establishment, Engineering Difficulties, and Countermeasures for Resilient Coastal Ecological Barrier
海岸带是陆地与海洋的交界区,面临着因气候变化带来的海平面上升、风暴潮加剧等威胁;提升海岸带生态屏障防护能力已成为全球海岸带治理与生态安全构建的共同趋势。本文从原始自然状态、农业、工业到生态文明等不同文明发展海岸带生态屏障的演变入手,回顾了国内外关于海岸带韧性、受损机制与恢复的认识过程,揭示了未来海岸防护工程向韧性提升方向发展的趋势;基于此,构建了韧性海岸带生态屏障体系,涵盖概念与理论基础,结构、功能与类型,工程技术标准框架以及工程实施保障;探讨韧性海岸带生态屏障工程难点,提出了优化海岸带空间配置、应用智能终端设备构建感知网络、实现以海岸带韧性提升和生态产品价值实现为核心的完整闭环等对策。最后,本文还展望了海岸带防护工程的未来发展趋势,包括从单一防护要素到陆海统筹的系统防护、从静态评估到动态响应、从工程韧性到自然 ‒ 社会复合系统韧性转变,更好推动海岸带防灾减灾,实现生态保护修复与海洋经济协同发展。
Coastal zone is transitional area between land and sea. Under the impacts of climate change, coastal zone is threatened by stressors such as sea-level rise, intensified storm surges. It is a common trend in global coastal governance and ecological security to protect the coastal zone by ecological barriers. This paper illustrates the evolution of coastal ecological barriers from pristine natural state, agricultural civilization, industrial civilization to ecological civilization. It reviews the evolution of understanding of resilience, damage process, and restoration domestically and internationally, elucidates the trend of future coastal protection engineering which is moving toward resilience enhancement. Then the concept of Resilient Coastal Ecological Barrier Engineering (RCEBs) is proposed, it covers conceptual and theoretical foundations, structures, functions and classification, as well as the framework of engineering technical standards and implementation guarantees. The paper discusses the challenges in RCEBs, and gives the suggestions, such as optimizing the spatial allocation of coastal zones, building a perception network with intelligent terminal devices, and forming a full closed loop centered on improving coastal resilience and realizing the value of ecological products. Finally, this paper prospects the future development directions of coastal protection projects: shifting from single protective elements to integrated land-sea systematic protection, from static assessment to dynamic response, and from resilience built by engineering to the resilience built by natural-social systems. These efforts will further facilitate disaster prevention and mitigation in coastal zones, and coordinate ecological protection with economic development.
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国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFC3109000)
2023年度自然资源科技战略研究项目(2023-ZL-81)
中国国家留学基金委员会资助项目(202404180010)
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