城市光伏建筑产业化发展研究
Industrialized Development of Urban Photovoltaic Buildings
光伏建筑通过建筑表皮发电可降低建筑运行阶段碳排放30%以上,我国城市光伏建筑产业具有极大的发展空间,在“双碳”目标、城市更新需求的驱动下,城市光伏建筑产业化发展对能源转型、建筑领域减碳意义重大。本文在剖析光伏建筑技术原理、辨识光伏建筑发展价值的基础上,从产业规模和格局、产业政策与标准等方面梳理了城市光伏建筑产业化发展现状,研判了政策系统性不足、技术集成存在瓶颈、市场机制不完善、基础设施薄弱等现实挑战。总结了城市光伏建筑产业化发展的关键环节,包括构建适合城市更新的光伏建筑模式、建立光伏建筑与城市规划的协同融合体系、打造城市级光伏能源数字协同平台、推进城市新型电力基础设施升级改造;以完成建设并投入运营的城市光伏建筑示范项目为案例,实证分析了城市光伏建筑模式的技术与经济可行性。后续可在加强顶层设计、强化政策协同,突破系统集成技术、提升集群化效能,完善市场生态体系、形成多元支撑,推进与城市更新结合的示范工程等方面采取切实行动,高质量推进城市光伏建筑产业化发展。
Photovoltaic (PV) buildings generate electricity through their surfaces, which can reduce carbon emissions during operation by over 30%. The urban PV building industry in China has vast potentials for development. Driven by the carbon peaking and carbon neutralization goals as well as the demand for urban renewal, the industrialized development of the industry holds significant importance for energy transition and carbon reduction in the construction sector. This study analyzes the technical principles and development values of PV buildings, sorts out the current industrialization status of these buildings from the aspects of industrial scale, pattern, policies, and standards. It also identifies the challenges faced by the industrialization, including systematic inadequacy of policies, bottlenecks in technology integration, imperfect market mechanisms, and weak infrastructure. The study further summarizes the key links for industrial development, namely constructing a PV building model suitable for urban renewal, integrating PV buildings into the urban planning system, building a digital urban energy coordination platform, and upgrading the new urban power infrastructure. Using typical PV building projects as cases, this study empirically analyzes the technical and economic feasibility of urban PV building models, and further proposes the following suggestions for the high-quality industrialization of the urban PV building industry: strengthening top-level design and policy coordination, advancing system integration technologies to improve cluster efficiency, improving the market ecosystem to form multi-faceted support, and promoting the implementation of demonstration projects integrated with urban renewal.
光伏建筑 / 城市更新 / 系统集成技术 / 数字底座 / 电力基础设施
photovoltaic buildings / urban renewal / system integration technology / digital foundation / power infrastructure
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中国工程院咨询项目“新型光伏建筑一体化减碳关键技术与应用”(2024-XZ-72)
国家自然科学基金项目(U23A20657)
辽宁省科学技术计划项目(2025JH2/102800033)
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