面向2040年我国智慧牧场发展战略研究
Development Strategy of Smart Livestock Farm in China by 2040
畜牧业是事关国计民生的基础性、战略性产业,在全球畜牧业迈向绿色化、智能化发展阶段的背景下,加快智慧牧场建设成为推动我国畜牧业高质量发展的关键路径。本文分析了国内外智慧牧场的宏观部署和技术差距,总结了畜牧业数字化、智能化技术架构,研判了数据驱动全产业链变革、高端养殖装备快速发展、多学科交叉融合赋行业转型的智慧牧场发展趋势。在梳理畜禽标准化规模养殖、智能养殖装备、饲料配方软件、养殖大模型技术、农业科技企业实践等总体情况的基础上,剖析了智慧牧场建设面临的缺乏标准化技术参照、关键技术装备与畜牧业融合不紧密、传统养殖主体数字素养不高等问题,系统阐述了面向2040年我国智慧牧场发展的总体构想。可在畜禽智能设计育种与智慧繁育,畜禽养殖环境智能监测与控制装备,畜禽养殖智能装备与机器人,重大疫情疫病风险预判、预警和智能防控,养殖业人工智能大模型开发与利用,绿色智能高效养殖集成应用与示范等方面开展关键技术攻关,采用包括智能技术配置、关键场景覆盖、规模适配性系统在内的智慧牧场建设框架并在生猪、家禽、奶牛、肉牛等产业方向上取得应用突破,从而跨越式提升畜牧业发展质量并支撑农业强国建设。
Animal husbandry is a fundamental industry vital to the national economy and people's livelihood. As global animal husbandry advances toward green and intelligent development, expediting the construction of smart livestock farms has emerged as a key to promoting the high-quality development of China's animal husbandry. This study analyzes the macro-level policy deployment and technological gaps of smart livestock farms in China and abroad, summarizes the digital and intelligent technology framework of animal husbandry, and clarifies development trends of smart livestock farms, including data-driven transformation across the entire industrial chain, rapid advancement of high-end breeding equipment, and multidisciplinary integration enabling industry transformation. Moreover, it reviews the overall situation of China's animal husbandry, involving standardized large-scale livestock farming, smart breeding equipment, feed formulation software, large model technologies for livestock breeding, and practices of agricultural technology enterprises. The study also identifies several problems existing in the development of smart livestock farms in China, such as the lack of standardized technical references for smart farm construction, insufficient integration of key technologies and equipment with animal husbandry practices, and low digital literacy among traditional livestock-breeding entities. On this basis, it outlines a strategic blueprint for the development of China's smart livestock farms by 2040, and proposes key technological breakthroughs in the following areas: intelligent design breeding and smart reproduction of livestock and poultry; intelligent monitoring and control equipment for livestock breeding environments; smart breeding equipment and robots; risk prediction, early warning, and intelligent prevention and control of major epidemics and diseases; development and utilization of artificial intelligence large models for animal husbandry; and integrated application and demonstration of green, intelligent, and efficient farming. Meanwhile, a smart livestock farm construction framework covering intelligent technology configuration, key scenario coverage, and scale adaptability systems is proposed, alongside with application breakthroughs to be achieved in sectors including live pigs, poultry, dairy cows, and beef cattle. These efforts aim to substantially improve the development quality of the animal husbandry and boost China's strength in agricultural development.
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国家自然科学基金项目(L2224049)
中国工程院咨询项目“内蒙古现代畜牧业发展战略研究”(2023NM2N-01)
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