液流电池关键材料发展研究
Development of Key Materials for Redox Flow Batteries
液流电池作为支撑新型电力系统的关键长时储能技术,已成为全球能源转型的战略焦点,其产业化进程高度依赖关键材料的性能突破与成本优化。本文系统梳理了液流电池关键材料的全球技术研究进展与产业发展现状,探讨了关键材料对液流电池经济性与市场需求的影响,总结了我国在液流电池关键材料领域面临的长寿命与低成本难以兼顾的瓶颈、高端材料对外依存度高的供应链短板、市场接受度与商业模式挑战以及支撑材料创新的政策标准体系不足等多重制约。为此,研究提出了面向2050年的液流电池关键材料分阶段发展目标与路径,推动关键材料体系由当前的“全钒 ‒ 全氟”主流路线,向“新型 ‒ 非氟”方向迭代演进。研究建议,通过强化产业链协同、创新与材料特性匹配的商业模式、完善材料标准与评价体系,共同加速液流电池在零碳能源体系中的规模化应用,助力我国在全球能源战略博弈中占据主动地位。
Redox flow batteries, as a key long-duration energy storage technology underpinning new power systems, have become a strategic focus in global energy transition. Their industrialization process is highly dependent on performance breakthroughs and cost optimization of key materials. This study reviews global technological advancements and industrial development status of key materials for redox flow batteries. It examines the impact of these materials on economic viability and market demand of redox flow batteries, identifying multiple constraints facing China in this field: difficulty in simultaneously achieving a long lifespan and low cost; supply chain vulnerabilities due to high dependence on imported high-end materials; challenges in market acceptance and business model development; and insufficient policy and standards frameworks to support material innovation. The study proposes a phased development pathway for key materials, advocating for the evolution of the material system from the current mainstream "all-vanadium‒all‒fluorinated" route toward a "novel‒nonfluorinated" direction. It further recommends accelerating the large-scale application of flow batteries within zero-carbon energy systems by strengthening industrial chain collaboration, innovating business models aligned with material characteristics, and improving material standards and evaluation systems. These efforts will help China secure a proactive position in global energy competition.
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中国工程院咨询项目“我国化工新材料绿色低碳发展战略研究”(2024-XBZD-09)
国家自然科学基金项目(22508276)
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