大食物观下多元食物供给体系战略研究
Diversified Food Supply System under the Greater Food Approach
党的二十大报告明确提出要构建多元化食物供给体系。在人口总量仍处于高位、资源约束趋紧与居民食物消费结构加快升级的背景下,“大食物观”为破解人多地少国情农情下的粮食安全难题提供了新思路。本研究旨在系统分析大食物观下我国多元食物供给体系的现状与潜力,识别发展面临的主要挑战,并提出构建多元食物供给体系的基本思路与对策建议。研究发现,长期以来我国粮食、经济作物、园艺、畜牧、水产及林草类食物生产能力显著增强,但仍面临资源约束趋紧、供需结构失衡、蛋白饲料对外依存度高、林草资源开发不充分等多重挑战,通过耕地与非耕地空间潜力挖掘、非粮饲料资源利用、种养结构优化及林草资源分级开发等措施,未来主要食物品类均具备显著增产潜力。为此,本文提出应以需求为导向作为“一条主线”,坚持粮食安全与生态保护“两个前提”,推进空间、资源与产业“三个拓展”的基本思路构建多元食物供给体系。研究建议,优化食物生产结构与空间布局,强化科技赋能,拓展食物来源边界,健全风险治理体系,全面提升我国食物供给体系的多样性、稳定性与可持续性,从而为实现农业强国与健康中国战略提供坚实支撑。
The report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly proposed to "build a diversified food supply system." Against the backdrop of population growth, tightening resource constraints, and continuous upgrading of residents' food consumption structure, the greater food approach provides new ideas for ensuring food security in the context of a large population and limited land and agricultural conditions. This study aims to systematically analyze the current situation and potentials of China's diversified food supply system under the greater food approach, identify the challenges faced in development, and propose basic ideas and suggestions for constructing a diversified food supply system. Research has found that China's production capacity for grain, cash crops, horticulture, animal husbandry, aquatic products, and forest and grass foods has significantly increased over the long term. However, it still faces multiple challenges such as tightening resource constraints, imbalanced supply and demand structures, high dependence on imported protein feed, and insufficient development of forest and grass resources. Nevertheless, through the exploration of spatial potentials between cultivated and non-cultivated land, utilization of non-grain feed resources, optimization of planting and breeding structures, and graded development of forest and grass resources, major food categories have significant potentials for increased production in the future. Therefore, this study proposes the basic idea of constructing a diversified food supply system that should be demand-oriented, adhere to food security and ecological protection, and promote the expansions of space, resources, and industries. The research suggests that we should optimize the structure and spatial layout of food production, strengthen scientific and technological empowerment, expand the boundaries of food sources, and improve the risk management system, thus to improve the diversity, stability, and sustainability of China's food supply system, and provide a solid support for strengthening the agricultural and healthcare sectors of China.
| [1] |
黄季焜. 践行大食物观和创新政策支持体系 [J]. 农业经济问题, 2023 (5): 22‒35. |
| [2] |
Huang J K. Implement the greater food approach view and innovative policy support system [J]. Issues in Agricultural Economy, 2023 (5): 22‒35. |
| [3] |
周应恒, 李娜. "大食物观"与我国食物安全保障新思路 [J]. 中国农业大学学报(社会科学版), 2023, 40(4): 147‒158. |
| [4] |
Zhou Y H, Li N. All-encompassing approach to food and new thinking of food security [J]. Journal of China Agricultural University (Social Sciences), 2023, 40(4): 147‒158. |
| [5] |
程国强. 大食物观: 结构变化、政策涵义与实践逻辑 [J]. 农业经济问题, 2023 (5): 49‒60. |
| [6] |
Cheng G Q. The greater food approach: Structural change, policy implications and practice logic [J]. Issues in Agricultural Economy, 2023 (5): 49‒60. |
| [7] |
樊胜根, 周晓时. 大食物观对世界农业发展的意义 [J]. 世界农业, 2025 (10): 5‒15. |
| [8] |
Fan S G, Zhou X S. The significance of the big food concept for global agricultural development [J]. World Agriculture, 2025 (10): 5‒15. |
| [9] |
钟钰, 崔奇峰. 从粮食安全到大食物观: 困境与路径选择 [J]. 理论学刊, 2022 (6): 102‒109. |
| [10] |
Zhong Y, Cui Q F. From food security to the greater food approach: Dilemmas and path options [J]. Theory Journal, 2022 (6): 102‒109. |
| [11] |
徐晋涛, 关宝珠. 气候变化背景下的大食物观: 基于森林食物视角的分析 [J]. 农业经济问题, 2024 (10): 57‒67. |
| [12] |
Xu J T, Guan B Z. The greater food approach under climate change: The forest food perspective [J]. Issues in Agricultural Economy, 2024 (10): 57‒67. |
| [13] |
韩杨, 张诩, 高翔. 构建多元化食物供给体系: 渔业潜力空间与中国方案 [J]. 农业经济问题, 2024 (10): 108‒119. |
| [14] |
Han Y, Zhang X, Gao X. Building a diversified food supply system: Potentials and propostal for China's fishery development [J]. Issues in Agricultural Economy, 2024 (10): 108‒119. |
| [15] |
侯扶江, 李岚, 宁娇, 基于大食物观的草地农业发展趋势及关键科学问题 [J]. 中国科学基金, 2024, 38(4): 647‒657. |
| [16] |
Hou F J, Li L, Ning J, et al. Development trends and key scientific issues of grassland agriculture based on the big food view [J]. Bulletin of National Natural Science Foundation of China, 2024, 38(4): 647‒657. |
| [17] |
周晓时, 樊胜根. 基于大食物观的乡村产业体系多元化发展 [J]. 南京农业大学学报(社会科学版), 2025, 25(4): 103‒113. |
| [18] |
Zhou X S, Fan S G. Diversifying China's rural industrial system under the big food approach [J]. Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University (Social Sciences Edition), 2025, 25(4): 103‒113. |
| [19] |
贾如. 以大食物观保障粮食安全: 互动机理、逻辑溯源与时代意旨 [J]. 西北农林科技大学学报(社会科学版), 2024, 24(4): 63‒73. |
| [20] |
Jia R. Ensuring food security with a big food perspective: Interactive mechanism, logical tracing and era intention [J]. Journal of Northwest A&F University (Social Science Edition), 2024, 24(4): 63‒73. |
| [21] |
程国强, 施嘉庚. 持续增强粮食安全保障能力: 党的十八大以来的政策逻辑与当前的着力点 [J]. 南京农业大学学报(社会科学版), 2025, 25(4): 45‒55. |
| [22] |
Cheng G Q, Shi J G. Continuous enhancement of food security capacity: The policy logic since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and current focus [J]. Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University (Social Sciences Edition), 2025, 25(4): 45‒55. |
| [23] |
朱晶, 王容博, 徐亮, 大食物观下的农产品贸易与中国粮食安全 [J]. 农业经济问题, 2023 (5): 36‒48. |
| [24] |
Zhu J, Wang R B, Xu L, et al. Agricultural trade and China's food security under the greater food approach [J]. Issues in Agricultural Economy, 2023 (5): 36‒48. |
| [25] |
白军飞. 大食物观下的食物安全保障 [J]. 人民论坛, 2023 (11): 56‒60. |
| [26] |
Bai J F. Food safety guarantee under the concept of big food [J]. People's Tribune, 2023 (11): 56‒60. |
| [27] |
樊胜根, 张玉梅. 践行大食物观促进全民营养健康和可持续发展的战略选择 [J]. 农业经济问题, 2023 (5): 11‒21. |
| [28] |
Fan S G, Zhang Y M. The strategic options of implementing the greater food approach for national nutrition and health and sustainable development [J]. Issues in Agricultural Economy, 2023 (5): 11‒21. |
| [29] |
樊志远, 孙云舒. 论大食物观的科学内涵、价值意蕴与实践要求 [J]. 西北农林科技大学学报(社会科学版), 2023, 23(6): 68‒75. |
| [30] |
Fan Z Y, Sun Y S. Big food view: Scientific connotation, value implications, and practical requirements [J]. Journal of Northwest A&F University (Social Science Edition), 2023, 23(6): 68‒75. |
| [31] |
罗必良, 耿鹏鹏. 农业新质生产力: 理论脉络、基本内核与提升路径 [J]. 农业经济问题, 2024 (4): 13‒26. |
| [32] |
Luo B L, Geng P P. New quality agricultural productivity: Theoretical framework, core concepts, and enhancement pathways [J]. Issues in Agricultural Economy, 2024 (4): 13‒26. |
| [33] |
国家统计局. 国家数据[DB/OL]. (2025-12-31)[2026-01-05]. https://data.stats.gov.cn. |
| [34] |
National Bureau of Statistics. National data [DB/OL]. (2025-12-31)[2026-01-05]. https://data.stats.gov.cn. |
| [35] |
国家统计局. 国家统计局关于2025年粮食产量数据的公告[EB/OL].(2025-12-12)[2026-01-05]. https://www.stats.gov.cn/sj/zxfbhjd/202512/t20251212_1962049.html. |
| [36] |
National Bureau of Statistics. Announcement of the National Bureau of Statistics on grain output data for 2025 [EB/OL].(2025-12-12)[2026-01-05]. https://www.stats.gov.cn/sj/zxfbhjd/202512/t20251212_1962049.html. |
| [37] |
田晓堃, 江锡兵, 吴红军, 我国森林草原食物资源潜力及实现路径 [J]. 中国工程科学, 2024, 26(5): 190‒198. |
| [38] |
Tian X K, Jiang X B, Wu H J, et al. Food resources in forests and grasslands of China: Potentials and realization paths [J]. Strategic Study of CAE, 2024, 26(5): 190‒198. |
| [39] |
农业农村部农业贸易促进中心. 中国农业科学院年鉴: 2023 [M]. 北京: 中国农业科学技术出版社, 2025. |
| [40] |
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Agricultural Trade Promotion Center. China Academy of Agricultural Sciences annual report: 2023 [M]. Beijing: China Agricultural Science and Technology Press, 2025. |
| [41] |
陈萌山, 秦朗, 程广燕. 践行大食物观: 中国食物系统转型的挑战、目标与路径 [J]. 农业经济问题, 2023 (5): 4‒10. |
| [42] |
Chen M S, Qin L, Cheng G Y. Practicing a greater food approach: Challenges, goals and pathways for food system transformation in China [J]. Issues in Agricultural Economy, 2023 (5): 4‒10. |
| [43] |
朱齐超, 李亚娟, 申建波, 我国农业全产业链绿色发展路径与对策研究 [J]. 中国工程科学, 2022, 24(1): 73‒82. |
| [44] |
Zhu Q C, Li Y J, Shen J B, et al. Green development of agricultural whole industry chain: Pathway and countermeasures [J]. Strategic Study of CAE, 2022, 24(1): 73‒82. |
| [45] |
杨凤娟, 励汀郁, 王明利, 大食物观下畜牧水产业发展空间潜力的拓展研究 [J]. 中国畜牧杂志, 2025, 61(4): 391‒396. |
| [46] |
Yang F J, Li T Y, Wang M L, et al. Study on the expansion of spatial potential of animal husbandry and aquaculture development under the concept of big food [J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Science, 2025, 61(4): 391‒396. |
| [47] |
赵麟萱, 窦亚权, 林昆仑, 林下经济发展与践行大食物观: 耦合关系与协同路径 [J]. 世界林业研究, 2024, 37(2): 15‒21. |
| [48] |
Zhao L X, Dou Y Q, Lin K L, et al. Development of non-timber forest-based economy and practice of all-encompassing approach to food: Coupling relationship and collaborative approach [J]. World Forestry Research, 2024, 37(2): 15‒21. |
| [49] |
樊胜根, 田旭, 龙文进. 大食物观下我国食物供求均衡的挑战与对策 [J]. 华中农业大学学报(社会科学版), 2024 (2): 1‒9. |
| [50] |
Fan S G, Tian X, Long W J. Challenges and countermeasures of food supply-demand balance in China under the greater food approach [J]. Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University (Social Sciences Edition), 2024 (2): 1‒9. |
| [51] |
姜长云, 李俊茹, 巩慧臻. 中国粮食安全形势演变及"十五五"粮食需求研判 [J]. 改革, 2025 (8): 35‒51. |
| [52] |
Jiang C Y, Li J R, Gong H Z. The evolution of China's food security situation and judgement of the food demand during the 15th Five-Year Plan period [J]. Reform, 2025 (8): 35‒51. |
| [53] |
涂圣伟. 我国保障粮食和重要农产品稳定安全供给的路径研究 [J]. 学习与探索, 2024 (7): 87‒97. |
| [54] |
Tu S W. Research on the path to ensuring stable and secure supply of grain and important agricultural products in China [J]. Study & Exploration, 2024 (7): 87‒97. |
| [55] |
龚斌磊, 王硕, 代首寒, 大食物观下强化农业科技创新支撑的战略思考与研究展望 [J]. 农业经济问题, 2023 (5): 74‒85. |
| [56] |
Gong B L, Wang S, Dai S H, et al. Strategic thinking and research prospect of strengthening agricultural science & technology innovation support under the perspective of the greater food approach [J]. Issues in Agricultural Economy, 2023 (5): 74‒85. |
| [57] |
黄季焜. 农业新质生产力: 内涵与外延、潜力与挑战和发展思路 [J]. 中国农村观察, 2024 (5): 19‒34. |
| [58] |
Huang J K. New quality productive forces in agriculture: Connotation and denotation, potential and challenges, and development ideas [J]. China Rural Survey, 2024 (5): 19‒34. |
| [59] |
陈浮, 沈春竹, 郭维红, 大食物观下多元化食物供给和耕地保护协同推进: 逻辑、机制与路径 [J]. 中国土地科学, 2024, 38(6): 1‒10. |
| [60] |
Chen F, Shen C Z, Guo W H, et al. Synergistic promotion of diversified food supply and cultivated land protection from an integrated food security perspective: Logics, mechanisms and pathways [J]. China Land Science, 2024, 38(6): 1‒10. |
| [61] |
马文奇, 马林, 张建杰, 农业绿色发展理论框架和实现路径的思考 [J]. 中国生态农业学报(中英文), 2020, 28(8): 1103‒1112. |
| [62] |
Ma W Q, Ma L, Zhang J J, et al. Theoretical framework and realization pathway of agricultural green development [J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2020, 28(8): 1103‒1112. |
| [63] |
程广燕, 唐振闯, 王瑞港. 平衡膳食模式下我国粮食需求预测与保障措施研究 [J]. 南京农业大学学报(社会科学版), 2025, 25(3): 120‒131. |
| [64] |
Cheng G Y, Tang Z C, Wang R G. Research on the prediction of China's grain demand and guarantee measures under the balanced dietary pattern [J]. Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University (Social Sciences Edition), 2025, 25(3): 120‒131. |
| [65] |
周德, 赵鑫, 周应恒. 大食物观下基于营养平衡的食物自给率测算与食物安全保障策略 [J]. 农业经济问题, 2024 (10): 83‒95. |
| [66] |
Zhou D, Zhao X, Zhou Y H. Food self-sufficiency rate and food security strategy based on balanced diet under a greater food approach in China [J]. Issues in Agricultural Economy, 2024 (10): 83‒95. |
| [67] |
张文兵, 解绶启, 徐皓, 我国水产业高质量发展战略研究 [J]. 中国工程科学, 2023, 25(4): 137‒148. |
| [68] |
Zhang W B, Xie S Q, Xu H, et al. High-quality development strategy of fisheries in China [J]. Strategic Study of CAE, 2023, 25(4): 137‒148. |
中国工程院咨询项目“大食物观下多元食物供给体系战略研究”(2023-HZ-09)
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |