海洋大温差能发电的工程化发展模式研究
Engineering Development Model of Ocean Large-Temperature-Difference Energy Generation
海洋温差能环境友好、资源储量巨大且电力输出稳定,但商业化进程进展缓慢,其根本性瓶颈在于有限的自然温差导致现有热循环效率普遍低于5%,远低于传统火电甚至其他可再生能源。本文在系统梳理海洋温差能发电的基础上,创新性提出了基于海洋地热能 ‒ 深层冷海水的海洋大温差能发电并兼顾液化天然气冷能利用、海水淡化和海洋伴生战略矿产提取等多级利用的构思,并深度剖析了海洋大温差能发电的技术装备可行性,提出了海洋大温差能发电的工程化模式,指出了工程化重点方向:海洋大温差能发电高效热循环和热转化技术装备、海洋地热能取热技术装备、海洋伴生战略矿产提取技术装置。研究认为,应加强海洋地热能资源及海洋地热水和海水中战略稀缺矿产资源的勘查力度,并加大海洋大温差能发电、海水淡化及海洋伴生战略矿产提取的核心技术和关键装备攻关,同时加快设立海洋大温差能发电示范工程,并辅以政策和投入的精准支持,以推动我国海洋大温差能发电商业化进程,促进我国海洋能源资源高效融合利用,为我国能源保障和海洋经济高质量发展做出贡献。
Ocean thermal energy coversion (OTEC) is environmentally friendly, has huge resource reserves, and offers stable power output. However, its commercialization has been slow. The fundamental bottleneck lies in the limited natural temperature difference, which leads to existing thermal cycle efficiencies generally remaining below 5%, far lower than those of conventional thermal power plants and even other renewable energy sources. Based on a systematic review of OTEC, this study proposes a concept of ocean large-temperature-difference energy generation, leveraging ocean geothermal energy and deep cold seawater, while considering multi-level utilization such as cold energy utilization of liquefied natural gas, seawater desalination, and extraction of ocean-associated strategic minerals. It analyzes the technical and equipment feasibility of ocean large-temperature-difference energy generation, proposes an engineering model for this technology, and identifies key engineering directions: efficient thermal cycle and thermal conversion technology and equipment for ocean large-temperature-difference energy generation, equipment for harnessing ocean geothermal energy, and technical devices for extracting ocean-associated strategic minerals. The study advocates for intensified exploration of ocean geothermal energy and ocean-associated strategic mineral resources. Moreover, it is imperative to address core technologies and key equipment for ocean large-temperature-difference energy generation, seawater desalination, and the extraction of ocean-associated strategic minerals. It is also essential to expedite the establishment of demonstration projects, supplemented by precise policy and investment support, thus to promote the commercialization of ocean large-temperature-difference energy generation, facilitate the efficient and integrated utilization of ocean energy resources in China, and contribute to China's energy security and high-quality development of the marine economy.
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