深海绿色采矿技术与装备:研究进展和突破方向
Deep-Sea Green Mining Technology and Equipment: Research Progress and Breakthrough Directions
本文系统分析了深海绿色采矿面临的技术挑战并提出发展路径,旨在构建面向商业化开发的技术体系,为我国深海资源开发战略提供理论支撑。研究基于“探 ‒ 采 ‒ 输 ‒ 冶”全流程技术指标与绿色范式,从环境扰动控制、智能系统协同、能源结构优化与系统集成验证4个维度,深入研判深海绿色采矿的关键突破方向与工程实现路径。研究提出了覆盖绿色、经济、可靠、智能、安全5类指标的全流程技术评价体系,构建了基于资源效率、环境影响与能源结构的采矿绿色范式分级模型,同时识别出深海采矿在技术集成、环境适应性、能源供应与监测评估方面存在的系统性挑战。在此基础上,研究进一步明确了精细化采集、数字孪生系统、深海混合供能、模块化集成等未来重点突破方向。研究表明,深海绿色采矿的实现亟需在绿色化、智能化与系统化三大方向协同推进,通过陆试与中试验证平台加速技术集成和工程转化,并加强国际标准协同与数据共享,从而推动深海采矿从技术探索迈向绿色、安全、可持续的商业化开发新阶段。
This study analyzes the technological challenges and development pathways of deep-sea green mining, aiming to construct a technology system oriented toward commercial development and provide theoretical support for China's deep-sea resource development strategy. Based on the whole-process technical indicators and green paradigm of "prospecting ‒ mining ‒ transportation ‒ processing," the study investigates key breakthrough directions and engineering paths for deep-sea green mining from four dimensions: environmental disturbance control, intelligent system coordination, energy structure optimization, and system integration verification. The research proposes a whole-process technical evaluation system covering five categories of indicators—green, economic, reliable, intelligent, and safe—and constructs a green mining paradigm classification model based on resource efficiency, environmental impact, and energy structure. It also identifies systematic challenges in technology integration, environmental adaptability, energy supply, and monitoring and evaluation for deep-sea mining. Furthermore, the study clarifies future key breakthrough directions such as precision collection, digital twin systems, deep-sea hybrid energy supply, and modular integration. The findings indicate that achieving deep-sea green mining urgently requires coordinated advancement in three major directions: green, intelligent, and systematic development. This can be accelerated through land-based and pilot-scale testing platforms to promote technology integration and engineering transformation, alongside strengthened international standardization and data collaboration, thereby advancing deep-sea mining from technological exploration toward a new stage of green, safe, and sustainable commercial development.
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国家自然科学基金项目(52394252)
国家自然科学基金项目(U25A6020)
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