新型电力系统背景下供需互动发展与分布式资源聚合技术应用前瞻
Development of Supply-Demand Interaction and Technical Prospects for Distributed Resource Aggregation in the Context of New Power Systems
在新型电力系统建设背景下,充分释放分布式资源的灵活调节潜力是促进新能源消纳,提升系统安全、经济、低碳运行水平的重要途径;分布式资源聚合是海量分散资源参与供需互动的重要组织形式,厘清内在联系与发展路径对于提升新型电力系统供需互动水平和灵活调节能力具有重要意义。本文从互动主体、聚合手段、市场机制等方面辨析了新型供需互动的基本内涵,总结了计划型、市场型、自治型供需互动的阶段特征及新型供需互动的国际研究进展,识别出互动元素多元化、互动行为复杂化、互动技术智能化等新型供需互动的发展特征。进一步阐述了分布式资源聚合的作用,从信息、物理、社会等角度梳理了分布式资源聚合在感知、建模、调控、规划、交易环节面临的挑战。针对分布式资源聚合适应新型供需互动,展望和探讨了车网互动、电 – 氢互动、电 – 碳互动等典型场景,多元小微传感、互动博弈行为建模、数据驱动的智能决策、异构资源双向优化聚合、多市场量化交易等关键技术,基于个体联盟的价值共创、基于区块链的多方可信交易等灵活机制,推动全社会资源优化配置、助力能源系统普惠和安全发展等发展前景。相关内容可为电力系统供需互动的理论研究、机制设计、工程应用提供参考,进而支撑新型电力系统灵活性能力提升。
In the context of new power system development, releasing the flexible regulation potential of distributed resources is crucial for promoting renewable energy consumption and improving the safe, economical, and low-carbon operation of power systems. Distributed resource aggregation is an important organizational form for enabling numerous dispersed resources to participate in supply-demand interactions of new power systems. Clarifying the intrinsic relationship and coordinated development pathways between the two is significant for enhancing the supply-demand interaction and flexibility capabilities of new power systems. This study summarizes the implications of new supply-demand interactions from the perspectives of interactive entities, aggregation methods, and market mechanisms. It also clarifies the stage characteristics of planned, market-based, and autonomous supply-demand interactions, and reviews international research progress on new supply-demand interactions. Moreover, the study analyzes the characteristics of new supply-demand interactions from three dimensions: interaction elements, interaction behaviors, and interaction technologies. It further analyzes the role of distributed resource aggregation, and summarizes major challenges it faces in perception, modeling, regulation, planning, and trading links from information, physical, and social perspectives. Furthermore, the study reviews the prospective applications of distributed resource aggregation from four aspects: typical scenarios, key technologies, flexible mechanisms, and development prospect. Specifically, the typical scenarios involve vehicle-grid, electricity-hydrogen, and electricity-carbon interactions. The key technologies include diverse small-scale sensing, game-theoretic modeling of interactive behavior, data-driven intelligent decision-making, bidirectional dynamic aggregation for heterogeneous resources, and multi-market quantitative trading. By leveraging the flexible mechanisms of value co-creation through individual alliances and blockchain-based trusted multi-party transaction, the prospects for optimizing resource allocation across society and promoting the inclusive and secure development of energy systems are expected to be realized. These insights can provide references for theoretical studies, mechanism design, and engineering applications of power system supply-demand interactions, thereby supporting the improvement of flexibility in new power systems.
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国家自然科学基金项目(52177085)
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