算电协同技术与应用发展研究
Technologies and Applications of Computing‒Electricity Synergy
算电协同是应对人工智能算力需求爆发式增长和全球能源转型挑战的关键路径,发展质量事关“双碳”目标推进、算力基础设施可持续升级。本文在梳理算电协同发展现状的基础上,辨识了物理基础、使能技术、市场机制、产业生态等层面的发展挑战,构建了贯通“规划 ‒ 建设 ‒ 运行 ‒ 市场”全链条的算电协同体系框架、涵盖“物理资源 ‒ 数据融合 ‒ 协同优化 ‒ 应用服务 ‒ 支撑体系”的层次化功能架构。分析了感知、通信、计算、控制、安全等维度的算电协同关键技术,构建了能效、碳效、协同响应、经济价值等维度的算电协同指标体系,为评价算电协同能力、量化算电协同成效的提供统一基准。剖析了单元级协同、链路级协同、区域级协同、全局级协同等典型应用场景,明确了算电协同在能效提升、碳效优化、跨域协同、系统弹性等方面的应用价值。进一步展望了算电协同在架构耦合、技术使能、机制创新、生态培育等方面的发展趋势,提出算电协同将逐步实践从信息互通到业务协同再到生态融合的螺旋式上升路径。相关内容具有现实性、系统性、前瞻性,显现了算电协同的战略价值与发展方向。
Computing‒electricity synergy is a critical pathway to address the explosive growth in artificial intelligence computing demand and the challenges in global energy transition. The quality of its development is vital for advancing the carbon peaking and carbon neutralization goals as well as the sustainable upgrading of the computing infrastructure. This study reviews the current state of computing‒electricity synergy, identifies challenges in terms of physical foundations, enabling technologies, market mechanisms, and industrial ecosystems, and constructs a comprehensive computing‒electricity synergy framework spanning the planning‒construction‒operation‒market chain. Moreover, it establishes a hierarchical functional architecture encompassing physical resources, data fusion, coordinated optimization, application services, and support systems. The study also analyzes key technologies in computing‒electricity synergy across sensing, communication, computing, control, and security dimensions, as well as an indicator system covering energy efficiency, carbon efficiency, coordinated response, and economic value, to provide a unified benchmark for evaluating synergy capabilities and quantifying outcomes. Typical application scenarios are explored, including unit-level, link-level, regional-level, and global-level synergies, clarifying the values of computing‒electricity synergy in energy efficiency enhancement, carbon efficiency optimization, cross-domain coordination, and system resilience. Further prospects are outlined for trends in architecture coupling, technological enablers, mechanism innovation, and ecosystem cultivation, proposing that computing‒electricity synergy will gradually advance along a spiral path from information interoperability to business coordination and ultimately ecosystem integration. The study demonstrates practicality, systematicity, and foresight, revealing the strategic value and development direction of computing‒electricity synergy.
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中国工程院咨询项目“促进新质生产力发展的未来重点产业战略布局及实施路径研究”(2025-XBZD-14)
国家自然科学基金项目(72088101)
湘江实验室项目(24XJ01001)
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