面向美丽中国建设的国家生物多样性保护策略研究
Biodiversity Conservation Strategies for Building a Beautiful China
人与自然和谐共生是建设美丽中国的核心要义。“十五五”时期,美丽中国建设进入承上启下、实现生态环境根本好转的关键时期,对生物多样性保护提出更高要求。本文总结评估当前我国生物多样性保护进展和现状,系统研判“十五五”时期生物多样性保护面临的主要压力和挑战,对标全面推进美丽中国建设战略目标和路径,落实“昆蒙框架”,从时间序列 ‒ 空间格局 ‒ 社会治理3个维度,研究构建新时期生物多样性保护行动框架,提出东部 ‒ 中部 ‒ 西部 ‒ 东北不同空间区域差异化生物多样性保护策略,以及“政府 ‒ 企业 ‒ 公众”全社会多主体共治路径。面向建设人与自然和谐共生的美丽中国建设目标,“十五五”时期建议从以下4个方面加强生物多样性保护:强化生物多样性保护与减污降碳协同治理;深化生物多样性可持续利用和惠益分享机制;全面推进生物多样性主流化进程;实施一批标志性保护工程,以高水平保护支撑美丽中国高质量发展,提升我国生物多样性治理能力和治理水平,为全面推进美丽中国建设夯实自然生态根基。
Harmony between man and nature is the core essence of building a Beautiful China. During the 15th Five-Year period, the construction of a Beautiful China enters a crucial phase that bridges past efforts with future goals, aiming to achieve fundamental improvement in the ecological environment. This demands higher standards for biodiversity conservation. This study summarizes the current status of biodiversity conservation in China and examines the primary pressures and challenges that biodiversity conservation will face during the 15th Five-Year Plan period. Aligning these efforts with the strategic goals of a Beautiful China and implementing the "Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework," the study proposes a new-era action framework for biodiversity conservation across three dimensions: temporal sequence, spatial pattern, and social governance. The framework introduces differentiated biodiversity-conservation strategies for the eastern, central, western, and northeastern regions of China, along with a collaborative governance pathway engaging government, enterprises, and the public. To achieve the goal of building a Beautiful China where man and nature coexist in harmony, the study recommend strengthening biodiversity conservation in the following key areas during the 15th Five-Year period: enhancing the coordinated governance of biodiversity conservation alongside pollution and carbon reduction; deepening mechanisms for the sustainable utilization and equitable benefit-sharing of biodiversity; mainstreaming biodiversity considerations into policies and practices; and implementing a series of landmark conservation projects. These efforts aim to support the high-quality development of a Beautiful China through high-standard conservation, thereby improving China's biodiversity governance capacity and solidifying the natural ecological foundation for the construction of a Beautiful China.
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