金属冷却快堆主泵国产化研究进展及展望
Research Progress and Prospects on Localization of Reactor Coolant Pumps for Liquid-Metal-Cooled Fast Reactors
金属冷却快堆主泵是液态金属冷却回路中的核心设备,自主化水平直接影响反应堆系统的安全性与工程可实施性。本文在分析金属冷却快堆主泵的技术特性和国产化需求基础上,梳理了工程引进与国产化能力初步建立、主泵样机研制与验证、工程化验证与能力提升等国内金属冷却快堆主泵的主要发展阶段;阐明了液态金属介质条件下主泵水力问题的特殊性,总结了宏观性能特性与工况响应规律、内部流动结构与能量转换机理、非定常流动与稳定性等方面的水力性能研究进展,归纳了水力部件、转子系统、热屏系统等主泵主要结构及材料研究进展。金属冷却快堆主泵国产化已逐步由技术跟踪和消化吸收转向自主设计与工程验证阶段,水力性能及关键部件已具备一定的研究基础,但复杂工况下多因素相互作用规律、系统热管理水平、长期运行可靠性等仍待深化研究。未来应重点关注液态金属介质条件下“流动 ‒ 传热 ‒ 结构 ‒ 材料”的协同演化机制、关键结构的长期稳定运行、以热屏系统为核心的主泵系统热管理机制,同步推进“材料 ‒ 结构 ‒ 工艺”一体化设计和近工况验证体系建设,逐步形成面向工程应用的主泵设计与验证体系。
As the core equipment of the liquid metal cooling circuit, the reactor coolant pump (RCP) of a liquid-metal-cooled fast reactor plays a decisive role in the safety and engineering feasibility of the reactor system, with its degree of localization being of particular significance. This study analyzes the technical characteristics and localization needs of the RCP for liquid-metal-cooled fast reactors, and reviews their major development stages in China, including engineering introduction and initial establishment of localization capability, prototype development and verification, as well as engineering validation and capability enhancement. Considering the distinctive hydraulic challenges posed by liquid metal media in RCP, the study summarizes the research progress in hydraulic performance, involving macroscopic performance characteristics and operating-condition response, internal flow structures and energy conversion mechanisms, as well as unsteady flow and stability. This study further reviews advances in the structural design and material research of key RCP components, such as hydraulic components, rotor dynamic systems, and heat shielding systems. Overall, the localization pathway of RCP for liquid-metal-cooled fast reactors in China has progressively evolved from technological tracking and assimilation to the stage of independent design and engineering validation. While a certain research foundation has been established for hydraulic performance and key component development, further studies are still required on multifactorial interactions under complex operating conditions, system-level heat management, and long-term operational reliability. Future research should focus on the synergistic evolution mechanism of "flow, heat transfer, structures, and materials" under liquid metal conditions, long-term stable operation of critical structures, and heat management mechanism of the RCP system centered on heat shielding systems. Meanwhile, integrated design of materials, structures, and manufacturing processes, together with the construction of near-operational validation systems, should be promoted to gradually establish an RCP design and verification framework oriented toward engineering applications.
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国家自然科学基金项目(U24A20142)
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