强化企业主体地位 推进建设制造强国
钟志华 , 黄庆学 , 朱明皓 , 邵立国 , 臧冀原 , 焦伊景 , 路守望
中国工程科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (1) : 106 -116.
强化企业主体地位 推进建设制造强国
Strengthening the Principal Role of Enterprises in Building a Manufacturing Powerhouse
企业是市场经济的和科技创新的主体、推动制造业高质量发展的关键载体,先进制造业集群是企业集聚和协同发展的产业生态系统,强化企业主体地位、培育世界级先进制造业集群是推进制造强国建设的关键支撑。本文从龙头企业、中小企业、先进制造业集群3个层面出发,对以企业为主体推进制造强国建设的主要成就进行了系统梳理与分析,并讨论了领军企业、中小企业和世界级先进制造业集群的发展重点任务。在制造强国建设进程中,企业体系整体实力持续提升:制造业龙头企业规模实力、国际市场竞争力显著提升,在关键核心技术攻关、产业链组织中发挥了引领作用;中小企业梯度培育体系逐步完善,以专精特新“小巨人”、制造业“单项冠军”为代表的中小企业在细分领域和关键环节的专业化能力明显增强;国家先进制造业集群、中小企业特色产业集群加快布局,成为承载制造业高质量发展的重要空间载体。面向未来,应集中要素资源支持企业主体能力建设,培育具有国际产业链控制力的领军企业,推动大中小企业融通发展,加快中小企业数字化转型和“人工智能+”应用场景培育,持续提升国家先进制造业集群竞争力,为制造强国建设筑牢坚实的微观基础和中观支撑。
Enterprises are the mainstay of both the market economy and technological innovation, as well as a critical carrier for promoting the high-quality development of manufacturing. Advanced manufacturing clusters are industrial ecosystems featuring enterprise agglomeration and coordinated development. Strengthening the principal role of enterprises and fostering world-class advanced manufacturing clusters provides key support for advancing the construction of a manufacturing powerhouse. From three perspectives, namely leading enterprises, small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and advanced manufacturing clusters, this study reviews and analyzes the major achievements in advancing the construction of a manufacturing powerhouse with enterprises as the main body, and discusses the key development tasks of leading enterprises, SMEs, and world-class advanced manufacturing clusters. In the process of building a manufacturing powerhouse, the overall strength of the enterprise system in China has been continuously enhanced. The leading manufacturing enterprises have seen a significant improvement in their scale, strength, and international competitiveness, playing a leading role in achieving breakthroughs in key core technologies and the organization of industrial chains. The gradient cultivation system for SMEs has gradually improved, and SMEs represented by specialized and sophisticated "small giant" enterprises and single-item champion enterprises in the manufacturing sector have markedly strengthened their professional capabilities in segmented fields and key links. With accelerated layout, national advanced manufacturing clusters and characteristic industrial clusters for SMEs have become an important spatial carrier for the high-quality development of the manufacturing industry. Looking ahead, it is suggested to concentrate factor resources to support the capacity building of enterprises as the main body, cultivate leading enterprises with control over the global industrial chain, promote the integrated development of large, medium, and small enterprises, accelerate the digital transformation of SMEs and the cultivation of "AI+" application scenarios, and continuously enhance the competitiveness of national advanced manufacturing clusters, thereby consolidating a solid micro-level foundation and meso-level support for building a manufacturing powerhouse.
制造强国 / 主体地位 / 领军企业 / 中小企业 / 先进制造业集群 / 产业链协同
manufacturing powerhouse / principal role / leading enterprises / small and medium-sized enterprises / advanced manufacturing clusters / industrial chain coordination
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