我国航空航天领域装备研制进展与展望
Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering in China: Development Status and Perspectives
航空航天产业是国家战略性新兴产业的典型代表,相关装备发展既依托科技积淀与工业根基,也引领带动整体科技与制造体系的升级。本文梳理了过去10年我国航空航天领域装备的代表性进展,研判了我国航空航天领域装备的整体格局与发展方向并进一步提出发展举措建议。我国航空航天领域装备研制进展表现在:军用航空的装备跨代升级与体系化探索、民用航空的自主研制与规模化商业运营、航空动力的核心技术攻关与保障能力建设、无人机系统的体系化发展与智能化演进,航天重大工程取得举世瞩目成就、运载火箭能力跃居世界前列、卫星及应用体系达到国际先进水平、商业航天蓬勃发展。我国航空航天领域装备发展方向为:先进飞行器的效能提升与构型多元化,先进动力的高效、低碳与多模式融合,先进机载系统的智联化、电气化与集成化,先进工业技术方面的材料革新、数智制造与软件生态构建,先进使能技术方面的全域感知、泛在互联与人工智能赋能;进出空间航班化、利用空间云网化、探索空间全域化。后续,可在构建数字赋能的正向设计能力、建立柔性高效的现代化智能制造体系、发展韧性强劲的航空航天产业链群、完善适应新业态的监管体系并参与国际标准制定、筑牢工程导向的基础研究等方面采取行动,推动我国航空航天领域装备高质量发展。
Aeronautical and astronautical engineering exemplifies national strategic emerging industries. Its system development builds upon industrial foundations to propel the comprehensive upgrade of the technological and manufacturing ecosystem. This study reviews the representative achievements in China's aeronautical and astronautical engineering over the past decade, evaluates the industrial landscape and technological evolution, and proposes strategic measures for high-quality development. Progress is highlighted in two main sectors. In the aeronautical sector, highlights include the generational upgrade and systematic exploration of military aircraft, the independent development and commercial operation of civil aircraft, the core technology breakthroughs and support capability construction of propulsion, and the development and intelligent evolution of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) systems. In the astronautical sector, achievements include the world-renowned feats of major engineering projects, launch vehicle capabilities leaping to the global forefront, satellite and application systems reaching international advanced levels, and the development of commercial spaceflight. Future development directions include: efficiency enhancement and configuration diversification of aircraft; high-efficiency, low-carbon, and multi-mode fusion of propulsion; intelligent connectivity, electrification, and integration of airborne systems; material innovation, intelligent manufacturing, and software ecosystem development in industrial technologies; all-domain perception, ubiquitous interconnection, and artificial intelligence (AI) empowerment in advanced enabling technologies; along with airline-like space access, cloud‒network-based space utilization, and all-domain space exploration. Finally, strategic actions are suggested in the following areas: constructing digital-empowered forward design capabilities; establishing a flexible, high-efficiency, and intelligent manufacturing system; developing resilient industrial clusters; improving regulatory frameworks adapted to new business formats and participating in international standards formulation; and strengthening engineering-oriented research.
航空航天装备 / 数字化转型 / 正向设计 / 低空经济 / 商业航天
aeronautical and astronautical engineering / digital transformation / forward design / low-altitude economy / commercial spaceflight
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