从制造大国到制造强国:基于制造强国评价指标体系的研究及思考
朱高峰 , 延建林 , 王德成 , 江明涛 , 古依莎娜 , 赵蔷 , 刘丹 , 郭悦 , 任博
中国工程科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (1) : 12 -23.
从制造大国到制造强国:基于制造强国评价指标体系的研究及思考
From a Large Manufacturing Country to a Strong Manufacturing Powerhouse: Reflection Based on Manufacturing Powerhouse Evaluation Indicator System
制造强国评价指标体系是评估我国制造强国建设进程的重要工具,同时也是判断世界制造业发展变化趋势的重要依据,并为我国制造强国建设“三步走”战略部署奠定了重要理论基础。本文通过构建制造强国评价指标体系,选取了9个世界主要制造国家并划分为3个阵列,评价其在2012—2024年制造业发展情况。研究发现,截至2024年,世界主要国家的制造业发展有升有降,各国制造业发展水平分化明显,美国持续处于第一阵列,制造强国发展指数位居第一;德国、日本仍保持第二阵列,中国由第三阵列迈入第二阵列;韩国、法国、英国仍处于第三阵列,阵列内排名有升有降;印度制造业整体缓慢攀升,巴西制造业发展不升反降。具体来看,我国制造强国发展指数首次超过日本,迈入制造强国行列,成功实现制造强国建设“第一步走”战略目标。接下来,本文总结了我国制造业发展变化的情况,包括规模发展优势明显,质量效益成效显著,产业结构持续优化,创新水平逐步提升,持续发展稳步推进。为加快实现制造强国建设“第二步走”战略目标,建议保持制造业合理比重,推进制造业提质增效与转型升级,坚持以创新为根本动力,突出工业强基重要战略地位,推动制造业数字化、网络化、智能化发展,构建绿色能源体系与绿色制造体系,实现到2035年我国基本实现新型工业化,迈入世界制造强国前列。
A manufacturing powerhouse evaluation indicator system is a crucial tool for assessing China's progress in building the country into a manufacturing powerhouse. It is also an important basis for clarifying the development trends of the global manufacturing industry, and lays a significant theoretical foundation for China's three-step strategic deployment toward becoming a manufacturing powerhouse. This study establishes a manufacturing powerhouse evaluation indicator system, and evaluates the manufacturing development of nine major manufacturing countries from 2012 to 2024 using the proposed system, categorizing them into three tiers. Our research indicates that by 2024, the development of the manufacturing industry in these major countries exhibit both growth and decline, with a significant differentiation in the levels of manufacturing development among countries. The United States remains in the first tier, leading in the manufacturing powerhouse development index; Germany and Japan continue to occupy the second tier, while China has moved from the third to the second tier; the Republic of Korea, France, and the United Kingdom remain in the third tier, with some changes in their rankings within this tier; India's manufacturing sector shows a slow upward trend, while Brazil's manufacturing development has regressed instead of progressed. Specifically, China's manufacturing powerhouse development index has surpassed that of Japan for the first time, joining the ranks of manufacturing powerhouses in the second tier and achieving its first-step strategic goal for building a manufacturing powerhouse. Subsequently, the study summarizes the development and changes of China's manufacturing industry, including its significant advantages in scale development, remarkable achievements in quality and efficiency, continuous optimization of industrial structure, gradual improvement in innovation levels, and steady progress toward sustainable development. To accelerate the manufacturing powerhouse construction in China, it is recommended to maintain a reasonable proportion of the manufacturing sector; adhere to innovation as the fundamental driving force; highlight the strategic position of industrial foundation consolidation; promote the digital, networked, and intelligent development of the manufacturing industry; and build a green energy system and a green manufacturing system. By 2035, China aims to basically achieve new industrialization and rank among the forefront of world's manufacturing powerhouses.
制造强国评价指标体系 / 制造强国发展指数 / 制造强国建设
manufacturing powerhouse evaluation indicator system / manufacturing powerhouse development index / manufacturing powerhouse construction
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中国工程院咨询项目“制造强国建设第二步走(2025—2035)战略研究”(2025-PP-01)
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