中国绿色制造十年发展与未来战略
Ten-Year Development and Future Strategy of Green Manufacturing in China
绿色制造宏观层面的目标是中国制造业的绿色发展;微观层面的目标是在产品全生命周期中,降低对环境的影响,提高资源利用水平,并使企业实现经济效益、环境效益、社会效益共赢。过去十年,工业领域深入践行“绿水青山就是金山银山”的理念,推动绿色制造取得积极成效。本文系统总结了过去十年中国绿色制造的关键行动和发展成效,深入论证了未来以绿色能源为战略支撑的必然性,并提出了关键支撑路径。研究认为,我国坚持产业绿色化与绿色产业化发展主线,协同推进产业体系现代化建设、能源结构低碳化重构、资源利用循环化增效、制造流程数智化赋能、生产过程清洁化改造、政策体系系统化完善,加快培育绿色能源、绿色交通装备、节能环保、再制造、碳管理等绿色低碳产业,巩固提升了我国制造业在全球产业分工中的地位和竞争力。研究提出,中国绿色制造未来战略应以绿色能源为战略支撑,持续夯实绿色能源技术装备优势、优化绿色能源开发利用格局、积极构建新型电力系统、推动工业生产体系低碳重构、强化关键政策保障,育强绿色生产力,厚植新型工业化绿色底色,加快实现制造强国战略目标。
Green manufacturing, at the macro level, aims for the green development of China's manufacturing sector. At the micro level, it focuses on minimizing environmental impact and enhancing resource efficiency throughout a product's entire life cycle. Green manufacturing can enable enterprises to achieve a win-win outcome encompassing economic, environmental, and social benefits. Over the past decade, the manufacturing industry of China has fully embraced the principle that “lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets” and achieved positive outcomes. This study reviews the key actions and achievements of green manufacturing in China over the past decade, demonstrates the inevitability of employing green energy as the crucial engine in the future, and proposes key supporting paths for the next decade. The study finds that, by adhering to the mainline of greening traditional sectors and expanding green industries, China has achieved significant milestones in coordinating the modernization of the industrial system, low-carbon restructuring of the energy mix, efficiency-enhancing circular utilization of resources, digital-intelligent empowerment of manufacturing processes, clean transformation of production procedures, and systematic improvement of the policy system. By doing so, new technologies and industries have been substantially developed, such as green energy, green transportation equipment, energy conservation and environmental protection, remanufacturing, and carbon management. As a result, the competitiveness of China's manufacturing industry has been consolidated from the perspective of the global supply chain. In the future, China should unswervingly persist in developing clean energy by strengthening the competitive edge of green energy, optimizing the paradigm of green electricity utilization, building up a new electricity system, promoting the low-carbon restructuring of the industrial production system, and strengthening the guarantee of key policies.
绿色制造 / 产业绿色化 / 绿色产业化 / 新型工业化 / 绿色能源
green manufacturing / green transition of industry / development of green industries / new industrialization / green energy
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中国工程院咨询项目“制造强国建设第二步走(2025—2035)战略研究”(2025-PP-01)
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