我国森林食物生产空间统筹利用与战略布局研究
Coordinated Utilization and Strategic Layout of Forest Food Production Space in China
森林食物作为重要的非耕地食物来源,在保障国家粮食安全、优化国民营养结构、实现健康中国战略等方面发挥着日益重要的作用。本文在系统梳理我国森林食物生产空间利用现状的基础上发现,目前森林食物生产空间统筹利用呈现“南强北扩、东优西专”的空间格局,多层级区域分工特征显现,整体处于由“空间扩张型”向“功能协同型”过渡的关键阶段。然而,森林食物生产空间统筹利用仍存在着系统性统筹不足、空间配置效率有待提升,区域发展不均衡、空间优势尚未充分转化,布局规划不明晰、综合生产潜力有待激发,生态约束趋紧、生态与生产协调矛盾突出等问题。结合大食物观等国家重大战略和“三北”工程等重点生态工程对森林食物生产空间统筹利用的新要求,基于资源禀赋理论、区域比较优势理论及生态承载力理论,提出我国森林食物生产空间统筹利用“七区三带三域”的布局思路、依据及具体分区。研究建议,加强顶层规划设计、优化森林食物生产空间,实施产业链提质增效工程、提升高值化利用水平,强化生态风险管控、增强产业抵御风险能力,为统筹森林食物生产空间布局、提升森林食物供给能力和服务国家粮食安全与生态安全战略提供参考。
As an important source of non-cropland food, forest-based foods are playing an increasingly significant role in safeguarding national food security, optimizing dietary and nutritional structures, and advancing the Healthy China strategy. Based on a systematic review of the current spatial utilization of forest food production in China, this study finds that forest-based food production exhibits a spatial pattern of "robust development in the south, expansion the north, superior quality in the east, and specialization in the west," and that this pattern demonstrates a multi-level regional division of labor. Overall,the sector is transitioning from spatial expansion toward functional coordination. However, several challenges remain in the spatial coordination of forest-based food production, including inadequate systemic coordination, unbalanced regional development, unclear layout planning, and intensifying ecological constraints. In light of major national strategies such as the holistic food approach and key ecological initiatives like the Three-North shelterbelt forest program, and drawing upon the resource endowment, regional comparative advantage, and ecological carrying capacity theories, this study proposes a "Seven Zones‒Three Belts‒Three Domains" layout, along with its rationale and specific zoning plans, for the coordinated utilization of forest food production space in China. It is suggested to strengthen top-level planning to optimize the forest food production space, implement projects for quality improvement and efficiency enhancement of industrial chains to elevate high-value utilization, and reinforce ecological risk control to bolster the industry's risk resistance capacity. These measures aim to optimize the spatial layout for forest food production, improve forest food supply capacity, and better support national food security and ecological security strategies.
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