我国非二氧化碳温室气体排放的系统治理
Systematic Governance of non-CO2 Greenhouse Gas Emissions in China
非二氧化碳温室气体与CO2的物理化学性质差异明显,排放总量大、来源分散、跨行业特征明显;在我国承诺2035年全经济范围温室气体减排国家自主贡献目标的背景下,开展非二氧化碳温室气体排放管控兼有挑战性和紧迫性。本文梳理了我国非二氧化碳温室气体排放管控形势,辨析了非二氧化碳温室气体的排放过程与形成机理、排放监测与核算方法、减排与资源化利用技术及措施、减排路径与治理策略等关键管控要素。提出了以系统治理为导向的管控思路,将非二氧化碳温室气体纳入统一治理范畴,构建“一体、两翼、三层架构、四类支撑”的总体治理框架,实施涵盖各类气体、主要行业、减排与经济社会发展、国内与国际等维度的一体化协同治理策略,关注人工智能技术赋能治理的路径创新。可在加强顶层设计与制度建设、强化科技创新与人才支撑、激发市场活力与产业创新、布局全球议程与国际合作等方面采取积极行动,加快完善我国非二氧化碳温室气体治理体系,推动全面温室气体减排并深度参与全球气候治理。
Non-carbon dioxide (CO2) greenhouse gases exhibit significant differences in physicochemical properties from CO2, with large total emissions, dispersed sources, and obvious cross-industry characteristics. Against the background of China's commitment to the nationally determined contribution target of reducing greenhouse gas emissions across the entire economy by 2035, controlling non-CO2 greenhouse gas emissions becomes both challenging and urgent. This study reviews the situation of non-CO2 greenhouse gas emission control in China, and analyzes the key control elements, including emission processes and formation mechanisms, emission monitoring and accounting methods, emission reduction and resource utilization technologies and measures, as well as emission reduction pathways and governance strategies. Moreover, the study proposes a management approach guided by systematic governance, incorporating non-CO2 greenhouse gases into a unified governance framework. Additionally, an overall governance structure consisting of "one body, two supporting wings, a three-tier architecture, and four types of support" is constructed. An integrated and coordinative governance strategy covering various gases, major industries, emission reduction and socioeconomic development, as well as domestic and international dimensions are implemented, with a focus on path innovation in governance enabled by artificial intelligence. Active actions can be taken in strengthening top-level design and institutional development, enhancing technological innovation and talent support, stimulating market vitality and industrial innovation, and planning global agendas and international cooperation. These efforts aim to accelerate the improvement in China's non-CO2 greenhouse gas governance system, promote comprehensive greenhouse gas reduction, and deeply participate in global climate governance.
非二氧化碳温室气体 / 全面温室气体减排 / 管控要素 / 系统治理 / 人工智能
non-CO2 greenhouse gases / comprehensive greenhouse gas emission reduction / control elements / systematic governance / artificial intelligence
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中国工程院咨询项目“‘双碳’战略目标下甲烷管控工程科技发展路径研究”(2025-XZ-53)
国家自然科学基金项目(72374175)
国家自然科学基金项目(72404270)
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