桥梁工程智能技术研究进展及展望
State-of-the-Art and Prospects of Intelligence Technologies in Bridge Engineering: A Comprehensive Review
我国桥梁基础设施规模庞大,整体上进入了性能衰减与集中养护维修的密集期,而高度依赖人工的传统运维模式难以应对复杂服役环境下的系统性安全保障压力。本文辨析了逻辑式模型、判别式模型、生成式模型、代理式系统4类桥梁工程智能技术范式的演进历程,系统梳理了相关研究进展:包括桥梁工程传感技术、桥梁健康监测系统的逻辑式桥梁工程智能技术,覆盖桥面移动荷载监测、构件异常识别与病害检测、桥梁监测数据审计、桥梁结构数值模拟与智能计算的判别式桥梁工程智能技术,关联大语言模型应用、几何模型构建、数值分析网格生成的生成式桥梁工程智能技术。进一步展望了轻量化边缘智能、垂直领域多模态大模型、全寿命周期知识图谱、工程群体智能与具身智能、面向可预测性维护的智能体基座等桥梁智能工程的未来发展方向。研究认为,现有智能方法与技术依然难以满足复杂服役环境下的高效率可信工程决策,不足以支撑逐步增长的桥梁安全、增韧、长寿需求;应着力探索和构建代理式系统并推动规模化应用,以桥梁工程智能技术能力升级推动交通基础设施高质量发展。
China has a vast bridge infrastructure inventory that, on the whole, has entered a phase marked by intensive performance degradation and centralized maintenance. Traditional operation and maintenance paradigms, which heavily rely on manual labor, find it challenging to handle systemic safety assurance pressures under complex service environments. This study delves into the evolution trajectory of four types of intelligent technology paradigms in bridge engineering: logical models, discriminative models, generative models, and agent-based systems. It also reviews relevant research advances of the paradigms. Logic-based bridge engineering intelligence covers bridge sensing technologies and bridge health monitoring systems; discriminative bridge-engineering intelligence encompasses bridge-deck moving-load monitoring, component anomaly identification and defect detection, bridge monitoring data auditing, and structural numerical simulation with intelligent computing; and generative bridge-engineering intelligence involves applications of large language models, geometric model construction, and numerical-analysis mesh generation. Future directions are further discussed, including lightweight edge intelligence, domain-specific multimodal large models, full-lifecycle knowledge graphs, engineering swarm intelligence and embodied intelligence, and agent-based foundations for predictive maintenance. The study concludes that existing intelligent methods and technologies remain insufficient to support highly reliable engineering decision-making in complex service environments and cannot yet meet the growing demands for bridge safety, resilience enhancement, and service-life extension. Accordingly, research and development of agent-based systems for bridge engineering should be prioritized and their large-scale deployment promoted, thus to upgrade the capabilities of intelligent technologies in bridge engineering and advance the high-quality development of transportation infrastructure.
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国家自然科学基金项目(52208198)
国家自然科学基金项目(52238005)
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