我国海上风电多能融合发展战略研究
Multi-Energy Integrated Development of Offshore Wind Power in China
海上风电是保障能源安全、实现“双碳”目标和发展海洋经济的重要潜力方向,但单一的开发模式已难以满足海洋资源立体开发和产业协同的需求,推动其与其他能源资源融合开发是未来大势所趋。本文分析了我国发展海上风电多能融合开发具备的基础和优势,全面梳理了海上风电与油气、氢能、光伏、波浪能、海洋牧场融合开发以及综合能源岛等六种模式的特点、国内外发展现状及挑战,并凝练融合开发关键条件、构建融合开发决策流程,从而提出未来发展战略目标和对策建议。研究认为,在资源层面应加强规划引领,统筹风电国家管辖海域开放与开发布局,结合资源叠合分布情况做好开发规划;在技术层面应加大海上氢能制造、储存及运输技术和微电网动态调节技术等多能融合关键技术研发力度;在经济层面应强化产业协同能力,通过模块化、标准化建造和产业联盟等策略多措并举降低开发成本。
Offshore wind power is a major potential direction for ensuring energy security, achieving carbon neutrality goals, and fostering the marine economy. While a single development model can't meet the requirements of three-dimensional development of marine resources and industrial synergy, integrated development of offshore wind power with other offshore energies and resources is becoming the trend for future. This study analyzes the advantages regarding the multi-energy integrated development of offshore wind power in China, reviews the characteristics, domestic and international development trends, and challenges of six foundational models, including integration with offshore oil and gas, hydrogen, photovoltaic, wave energy, marine ranching, as well as integrated energy island. Key conditions for the integrated development are summarized, a decision-making process is established, and future strategic objectives and policy recommendations are proposed. The study suggests that at the resource level, planning guidance should be strengthened to coordinate the opening and development layout of national jurisdictional waters for wind power, while ensuring that development planning is effectively carried out based on the overlapping distribution of resources. At the technical level, efforts should be made for developing key technologies for multi-energy integration, such as offshore hydrogen energy production, storage, and transportation, as well as microgrid dynamic regulation. At the economic level, it is necessary to strengthen industrial collaboration and reduce development costs through multiple strategies such as modularization, standardized construction, and industrial alliances.
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