海洋地热资源开发潜力方向与关键技术体系发展研究
Potential Directions and Key Technology System for Marine Geothermal Resource Development
本文立足我国海洋地热资源禀赋,系统分析了浅层、中深层及高温热液资源的开发潜力,重点探讨关键技术体系、发展瓶颈及其经济性约束。在此基础上,构建了分区域、分阶段的发展路径:在南海深海区优先开展高温热液资源示范开发,在东部沿海区推广中低温资源梯级利用,在深远海区面向干热岩及矿热协同利用开展前瞻研究。进一步提出我国海洋特色“地热+”多能协同开发模式,涵盖油气井改造利用、“风光热”互补、“热 ‒ 电 ‒ 水”联产及在特定高矿化流体条件下的“热 ‒ 电 ‒ 矿”耦合利用,并系统梳理技术攻关、装备提升、政策激励、产业协同和生态安全等保障体系,旨在为我国海洋地热资源由潜力评价走向示范应用提供更加严谨、可实施的科学依据与技术支撑。
Based on China's marine geothermal resource endowment, this study evaluates the development potentials of shallow, medium-to-deep, and high-temperature hydrothermal resources, with a focus on key technological systems, development bottlenecks, and economic constraints. On this basis, a region-specific and phased development pathway is proposed: priority demonstration of high-temperature hydrothermal utilization in the deep water of the South China Sea, cascading use of medium- and low-temperature resources in the eastern coastal zone, and forward-looking research on enhanced geothermal systems and possible mineral ‒ geothermal coupling in far-offshore areas. The study further proposes a distinctive marine “Geothermal-plus” multi-energy synergistic development model, involving retrofitting of offshore oil and gas wells, wind ‒ solar ‒ geothermal hybrid systems, heat ‒ electricity ‒ water cogeneration, and heat‒electricity‒mineral coupling under suitable high-mineralization conditions. A strategic support framework is also outlined, covering technological innovation, equipment capability enhancement, policy incentives, industrial coordination, and ecological risk control. The study aims to provide a more prudent and operational scientific basis and technological support for advancing China's marine geothermal sector from resource assessment to demonstration-scale deployment.
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