300兆瓦级F级重型燃气轮机自主研制与实践
Independent Development of China's 300-Megawatt F-Class Heavy-Duty Gas Turbine
重型燃气轮机是能源动力领域的核心装备,近年来实施的国家科技重大专项“重型燃气轮机工程”,启动了包括300兆瓦级F级重型燃气轮机产品研制在内的技术攻关工作,在构建自主可控的重型燃气轮机研制体系、推动能源装备制造业转型升级方面发挥了重大推动作用。本文围绕300兆瓦级F级重型燃气轮机的自主研制,系统阐述了包括正向研发体系建设、关键技术攻关、整机试验验证在内的完整过程。基于正向研发理念,构建了覆盖设计、材料、制造、试验全流程的自主研制体系,攻克了压气机高负荷多级匹配、燃烧室宽工况低排放稳定燃烧、透平高温高效冷却等近100项关键核心技术。自主开发了UGTC47等先进高温合金材料,建立了重型燃气轮机材料数据库,实现大尺寸透平叶片、高强韧轮盘锻件的国产化批量制造。在控制与保护系统方面,构建了纵深防御系统架构,实现一键启停全自动控制,运用基于数字孪生的仿真辅助设计及软硬件在环全范围验证技术保障了燃气轮机运行的安全性与可靠性。开展了300兆瓦级F级重型燃气轮机首台样机的整机试验和运行,实现点火、升速、并网试验一次成功,完成性能考核、1000 h初步可靠性验证等关键试验。试验结果表明,燃气轮机的功率、效率、排放指标全面达到设计要求,轴系振动平稳,压气机、燃烧室、透平工作状态稳定,部件之间匹配良好,部件及整机集成设计方案与关键技术可行。通过300兆瓦级F级重型燃气轮机产品研制,构建了重型燃气轮机自主设计、制造、试验的技术能力体系,为后续更高技术等级产品研发、产业高质量发展打下了坚实基础。
Heavy-duty gas turbines are core equipment in the energy and power sector. In recent years, China has launched technological research and development (R&D) efforts including the development of the 300-megawatt F-class heavy-duty gas turbine, which has played a major driving role in establishing an independent R&D system of heavy-duty gas turbines and promoting the transformation and upgrading of the energy equipment manufacturing industry. This study focuses on the independent R&D of 300-megawatt F-class heavy-duty gas turbine and elaborates on the forward-engineering system construction, core technological breakthroughs, and engine test verification of the gas turbine. Based on the forward-engineering philosophy, an R&D system covering the entire process of design, materials, manufacturing, and testing is established. Approximately 100 critical technologies are overcome, including high-load multi-stage matching for compressors, stable combustion with low emissions across a wide operating range for combustors, and high-temperature efficient cooling for turbines. Advanced superalloys such as UGTC47 are developed, and a material database for heavy-duty gas turbines is created, enabling the domestic batch production of large-scale turbine blades and high-strength, high-toughness rotor disc forgings. In terms of the control and protection system, a defense-in-depth system architecture is established, enabling one-click start and stop for fully automated control. The innovative use of digital-twin-based simulation-assisted design and the full-scope hardware/software-in-the-loop verification technology effectively ensures the safety and reliability of gas turbine operation. The prototype engine test and operation of the 300-megawatt F-class heavy-duty gas turbine are carried out, achieving successful ignition, speed-up, and grid-connection tests in a single attempt, and completing key tests including performance assessment and 1 000-hour preliminary reliability verification. Core performance parameters, including power, efficiency, and emission, all comply with the design requirements. The shaft system is stable, the compressor, combustors, and turbines all operate steadily, and matching between components is excellent, validating the reliability of the design and the key technologies. Through the successful development of the 300-megawatt F-class heavy-duty gas turbine, a full-chain technical system for the independent design, manufacturing, and testing of heavy-duty gas turbines is initially established in China. This lays a solid foundation for the subsequent development of products with higher technological levels and the sustainable growth of the industry.
| [1] |
舒印彪,陈国平,贺静波, 构建以新能源为主体的新型电力系统框架研究[J]. 中国工程科学,2021,23(6):61-69. |
| [2] |
Shu Y B,Chen G P,He J B,et al. Building a new electric power system based on new energy sources[J]. Strategic Study of CAE,2021,23(6):61-69. |
| [3] |
傅观君,张富强,夏鹏, 天然气发电在新型电力系统中的功能定位及发展前景研判[J]. 中国电力,2024,57(8):67-74. |
| [4] |
Fu G J,Zhang F Q,Xia P,et al. Functional orientation and development prospect of natural gas power generation in new power system[J]. Electric Power,2024,57(8):67-74. |
| [5] |
束国刚,余春华,沈国华, 新时期我国重型燃气轮机发展研究[J]. 中国工程科学,2022,24(6):184-192. |
| [6] |
Shu G G,Yu C H,Shen G H,et al. Development of heavy-duty gas turbines in China in the new era[J]. Strategic Study of CAE,2022,24(6):184-192. |
| [7] |
蒋洪德. 加速推进重型燃气轮机核心技术研究开发和国产化[J]. 动力工程学报,2011,31(8):563-566. |
| [8] |
Jiang H D. Promote heavy-duty gas turbine core technology development and industrial application in China[J]. Power Engineering,2011,31(8):563-566. |
| [9] |
蒋洪德,任静,李雪英, 重型燃气轮机现状与发展趋势[J]. 中国电机工程学报,2014,34(29):5096-5102. |
| [10] |
Jiang H D,Ren J,Li X Y,et al. Status and development trend of the heavy duty gas turbine[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(29):5096-5102. |
| [11] |
崔荣繁,陈克杰,郭宝亭. R0110重型燃气轮机的研制[J]. 航空发动机,2011,37(3):8-11. |
| [12] |
Cui R F,Chen K J,Guo B T. Development of R0110 heavy-duty gas turbine[J]. Aeroengine,2011,37(3):8-11. |
| [13] |
孔祥林,田晓晶,程国强, 中国首台F级50 MW重型燃气轮机的自主研制[J]. 天然气工业,2020,40(12):12-17. |
| [14] |
Kong X L,Tian X J,Cheng G Q,et al. Independent development of the first F-class 50 MW heavy-duty gas turbine in China[J]. Natural Gas Industry,2020,40(12):12-17. |
| [15] |
Foley A. On the performance of gas turbine secondary air systems[C]//ASME Turbo Expo 2001:Power for Land,Sea,and Air,2001:199. |
| [16] |
Geis T,Dittmann M,Dullenkopf K. Cooling air temperature reduction in a direct transfer preswirl system[J]. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power,2004,126(4):809-815. |
| [17] |
Chew J W,Ciampoli F,Hills N J,et al. Pre-swirled cooling air delivery system performance[C]//ASME Turbo Expo 2005:Power for Land,Sea,and Air,2005:1129-1137. |
| [18] |
Didenko R A,Karelin D V,Ievlev D G,et al. Pre-swirl cooling air delivery system performance study[C]//ASME Turbo Expo 2012:Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition,2012:1921-1932. |
| [19] |
Schramm V,Willenborg K,Kim S,et al. Influence of a honeycomb facing on the flow through a stepped labyrinth seal[J]. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power,2002,124(1):140-146. |
| [20] |
Ha T W,Childs D W. Annular honeycomb-stator turbulent gas seal analysis using a new friction-factor model based on flat plate tests[J]. Journal of Tribology,1994,116(2):895-899. |
| [21] |
McGreehan W F,Ko S H. Power dissipation in smooth and honeycomb labyrinth seals[C]//ASME 1989 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition,1989:182. |
| [22] |
张元桥,李军,马登骞, 螺旋篦齿‒刷式密封泄漏特性实验和数值研究[J]. 西安交通大学学报,2020,54(11):1-9. |
| [23] |
Zhang Y Q,Li J,Ma D Q,et al. Experimental and numerical investigations on the leakage flow characteristics of helical-labyrinth-brush seals[J]. Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University,2020,54(11):1-9. |
| [24] |
Aslan-Zada F E,Mammadov V A,Dohnal F. Brush seals and labyrinth seals in gas turbine applications[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,Part A:Journal of Power and Energy,2013,227(2):216-230. |
| [25] |
邱波,李军,冯增国, 两级刷式密封泄漏特性的实验与数值研究[J]. 西安交通大学学报,2013,47(7):7-12. |
| [26] |
Qiu B,Li J,Feng Z G,et al. Experimental and numerical investigations of the leakage characteristics of two-stage brush seal[J]. Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University,2013,47(7):7-12. |
| [27] |
Arkhipov A N,Karaban V V,Putchkov I V,et al. The whole-engine model for clearance evaluation[C]//ASME Turbo Expo 2009:Power for Land,Sea,and Air,2009:59259. |
| [28] |
Boeller S,Feuillard B,Filkorn G,et al. An introduction into the clearance management of ansaldo GT36 from development to validation[C]//ASME Turbo Expo 2018:Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition,2018:75652. |
| [29] |
Ekong G I,Long C A,Childs P R N. The effect of heat transfer coefficient increase on tip clearance control in H.P. compressors in gas turbine engine[C]//ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition,2013:64958. |
| [30] |
Giuntini S,Andreini A,Facchini B. Finite element transient modelling for aero-thermo-mechanical analysis of whole gas turbine engine[C]//ASME Turbo Expo 2019:Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition,2019:91278. |
| [31] |
Giuntini S,Andreini A,Facchini B,et al. Transient thermal modelling of whole GT engine with a partly coupled FEM-fluid network approach[C]//ASME Turbo Expo 2017:Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition,2017:64512. |
| [32] |
李甲珊,阙晓斌,闫学慧, 面向数字孪生应用的燃气轮机金属温度快速预测模型研究[J]. 动力工程学报,2026,46(3):190-200,220. |
| [33] |
Li J S,Que X B,Yan X H,et al. Fast prediction model for gas turbine metal temperature in digital twin applications[J]. Journal of Chinese Society of Power Engineering,2026,46(3):190-200,220. |
| [34] |
Konig W M,Hennecke D K,Fottner L. Improved blade profile loss and deviation angle models for advanced transonic compressor bladings:Part I—A model for subsonic flow[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery,1996,118(1):73-80. |
| [35] |
Konig W M,Hennecke D K,Fottner L. Improved blade profile loss and deviation angle models for advanced transonic compressor bladings:Part II—A model for supersonic flow[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery,1996,118(1):81-87. |
| [36] |
Köller U,Mönig R,Küsters B,et al. Development of advanced compressor airfoils for heavy-duty gas turbines:Part I—Design and optimization[C]//Aircraft Engine,Marine,Turbomachinery; Microturbines and Small Turbomachiner,1999:95. |
| [37] |
Küsters B,Schreiber H A,Köller U D,et al. Development of advanced compressor airfoils for heavy-duty gas turbines:Part II—Experimental and theoretical analysis[C]//Aircraft Engine,Marine,Turbomachinery,Microturbines and Small Turbomachinery,1999:96. |
| [38] |
Petkovic D,Banjac M,Milic S,et al. Modeling the transient behavior of gas turbines[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery,2020,142(8):081005. |
| [39] |
Mehrpanahi A,Payganeh G,Arbabtafti M. Dynamic modeling of an industrial gas turbine in loading and unloading conditions using a gray box method[J]. Energy,2017,120:1012-1024. |
| [40] |
Wu H,Zhou X Y,Zhou G Y,et al. Investigation on predicting the stall limit of compressor at low rotating speed[J]. Advances in Mechanical Engineering,2025,17(2):16878132251319385. |
| [41] |
刘岩松,阙晓斌,吴帅, 基于神经网络的重型燃气轮机压气机叶型性能预测[J]. 热能动力工程,2025,40(5):21-31. |
| [42] |
Liu Y S,Que X B,Wu S,et al. Prediction of heavy-duty gas turbine compressor blade performance based on neural network[J]. Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy and Power,2025,40(5):21-31. |
| [43] |
Eulitz F,Kuesters B,Mildner F,et al. Design and validation of a compressor for a new generation of heavy-duty gas turbines[C]//ASME 2007 Power Conference,2007:22100. |
| [44] |
Sanders A J,Hassan K K,Rabe D C. Experimental and numerical study of stall flutter in a transonic low-aspect ratio fan blisk[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery,2004,126(1):166-174. |
| [45] |
Berger R,Hofmeister B,Gebhardt C G,et al. A two-objective design optimisation approach for blending repairs of damaged compressor blisks[J]. Aerospace Science and Technology,2020,105:106022. |
| [46] |
Bunker R. Evolution of turbine cooling[C]//ASME Turbo Expo 2017:Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition,2017:63205. |
| [47] |
Han J C,Dutta S,Ekkad S. Gas turbine heat transfer and cooling technology[M]. Boca Raton:CRC Press,2012. |
| [48] |
Colban W F,Thole K A,Bogard D. A film-cooling correlation for shaped holes on a flat-plate surface[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery,2011,133:011002. |
| [49] |
Lawson S A,Thrift A A,Thole K A,et al. Heat transfer from multiple row arrays of low aspect ratio pin fins[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2011,54(17/18):4099-4109. |
| [50] |
Seinturier E,Paniagua G. Structural design of aircraft engines:Key objectives and techniques[R]. Brussels:Von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics,2008. |
| [51] |
束国刚,陈坚,张晓毅, 重型燃气轮机结构完整性分析[J]. 动力工程学报,2022,42(12):1213-1222,1271. |
| [52] |
Shu G G,Chen J,Zhang X Y,et al. Mechanical integrity analysis of heavy-duty gas turbines[J]. Journal of Chinese Society of Power Engineering,2022,42(12):1213-1222,1271. |
| [53] |
孙宝德,疏达,付华栋, 高端新材料智能制造的发展机遇与方向[J]. 中国工程科学,2023,25(3):152-160. |
| [54] |
Sun B D,Shu D,Fu H D,et al. Intelligent manufacturing for high-end new materials:Opportunities and directions[J]. Strategic Study of CAE,2023,25(3):152-160. |
| [55] |
Carter T J. Common failures in gas turbine blades[J]. Engineering Failure Analysis,2005,12(2):237-247. |
| [56] |
Raytpour M,Mehdizadeh M. Failure analysis of the first stage vane of the gas turbine[J]. Engineering Failure Analysis,2025,170:109281. |
| [57] |
Rani S,Agrawal A K,Rastogi V. Failure analysis of a first stage IN738 gas turbine blade tip cracking in a thermal power plant[J]. Case Studies in Engineering Failure Analysis,2017,8:1-10. |
| [58] |
师昌绪,仲增墉. 我国高温合金的发展与创新[J]. 金属学报,2010,46(11):1281-1288. |
| [59] |
Shi C X,Zhong Z Y. Development and innovation of superalloy in China[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2010,46(11):1281-1288. |
| [60] |
李家兴,陆民刚,束国刚, 重型燃气轮机用定向凝固UGTC47合金近服役条件下的显微组织演化[J]. 材料热处理学报,2025,46(2):152-163. |
| [61] |
Li J X,Lu M G,Shu G G,et al. Microstructure evolution of directionally solidified UGTC47 alloy for heavy-duty gas turbines under near service conditions[J]. Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment,2025,46(2):152-163. |
| [62] |
李家兴,陆民刚,郑为为. 定向凝固UGTC47合金低周压缩保载疲劳过程显微组织演化[J]. 材料研究与应用,2025,19(3):497-504. |
| [63] |
Li J X,Lu M G,Zheng W W. Microstructure evolution of directionally solidified UGTC47 alloy under low cycle fatigue with compression dwelling time[J]. Materials Research and Application,2025,19(3):497-504. |
| [64] |
戴睿卿,玄伟东,张强, 定向高温合金UGTC47与硅基陶瓷型芯界面反应研究[J]. 特种铸造及有色合金,2025,45(1):112-117. |
| [65] |
Dai R Q,Xuan W D,Zhang Q,et al. Interfacial reaction between UGTC47 directional superalloy and silicon-based ceramic core[J]. Special Casting & Nonferrous Alloys,2025,45(1):112-117. |
| [66] |
McNaughton W P,Richman R H,Jaffee R I. “Superclean” 3.5NiCrMoV turbine rotor steel:A status report:Part I:Steelmaking practice,heat treatment,and metallurgical properties[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering,1991,13(1):9-18. |
| [67] |
National Academies of Sciences,Engineering,and Medicine. Advanced technologies for gas turbines[EB/OL]. [2026-05-15]. https://www.nationalacademies.org/our-work/advanced-technologies-for-gas-turbines. |
| [68] |
IEC 61508:2010 Functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety-related systems[S]. |
| [69] |
张会生,周登极. 热力系统建模与仿真技术[M]. 上海:上海交通大学出版社,2018. |
| [70] |
Zhang H S,Zhou D J. Modeling and simulation technology for thermal power system[M]. Shanghai:Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press,2018. |
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |