面向商业航天的空天时空智能体系架构
Space-Based Spatiotemporal Intelligent System Architecture for Commercial Aerospace
当前的通信、导航、遥感(“通导遥”)卫星系统彼此割裂,难以满足全域实时响应、智能自主运行、普惠大众服务的高质量应用需求;创新定位、导航、授时、遥感、通信(PNTRC)服务,建立“通导遥”一体化的空天时空智能体系,是破解上述矛盾的有效突破方向,商业航天则为这一体系建设提供了核心载体与产业基础。本文梳理了空天时空智能的研究背景、相关技术的研究进展,辨析了技术能力、体系结构性等方面的发展挑战,论述了商业航天对空天时空智能的支撑作用、空天时空智能对商业航天的赋能作用。进一步提出了面向商业航天的空天时空智能五维增强架构,涵盖从全量下传到在轨智能筛选的感知增强层、从多源异构到知识融合的认知增强层、从数据销售到决策输出的服务增强层、从单星单能到“通导遥”一体化的系统集成层、从链式供给到生态协同的价值共创层。结合“珞珈三号”“东方慧眼”等工程实践,选取全球、区域、城市、个人四个具有递进关系的典型场景,分析了空天时空智能五维增强架构的适用性,确认可支撑“数据即服务”“平台即服务”“决策即服务”、能力共建等商业模式。从系统集成、服务流程、服务模式、标准体系、商业模式、人才培养等方面提出了空天时空智能五维增强架构规模化应用的措施建议,为商业航天产业布局优化提供理论支持与实践参考。
Current communication, navigation, and remote sensing satellite systems remain largely isolated from one another, leading to a prominent contradiction with the high-quality application demands for all-domain real-time response, intelligent autonomous operation, and inclusive public services. Promoting innovation in positioning, navigation, timing, remote sensing, and communication (PNTRC) services and establishing a space-based spatiotemporal intelligent system that integrates communication, navigation and remote sensing represent a key direction for resolving this contradiction. Commercial aerospace serves as the core carrier and industrial foundation for building such a system. This study reviews the research background and technical progress of space-based spatiotemporal intelligence, analyzes development challenges regarding technical capabilities and system architecture, and discusses the supporting role of commercial aerospace in space-based spatiotemporal intelligence as well as the enabling role of space-based spatiotemporal intelligence for commercial aerospace. Furthermore, a five-dimensional enhancement architecture for space-based spatiotemporal intelligence oriented toward commercial aerospace is proposed, comprising a perception enhancement layer evolving from full downlink transmission to on-orbit intelligent screening; a cognition enhancement layer evolving from multi-source heterogeneous data to knowledge fusion; a service enhancement layer evolving from data sales to decision output; a system integration layer evolving from single-satellite single-function to integrated communication, navigation, and remote sensing; and a value co-creation layer evolving from chain-based supply to ecosystem collaboration. Drawing on engineering practices such as the Luojia-3 and Oriental Smart Eye projects, four progressive typical scenarios (i.e., global, regional, urban, and individual) are selected to analyze the applicability of the five-dimensional enhancement architecture, confirming that it can support business models such as Data-as-a-Service, Platform-as-a-Service, Decision-as-a-Service, and capability co-construction. Finally, recommendations for large-scale application of the five-dimensional enhancement architecture are proposed from the perspectives of system integration, service processes, service models, standards systems, business models, and talent cultivation, providing theoretical support and practical references for optimizing the industrial layout of commercial aerospace.
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中国工程院咨询项目“广东省发展商业航天若干关键技术和产业规划研究”(2025-DFZD-26)
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFB3906102)
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