关键金属高纯原料精深加工技术发展研究
何季麟 , 刘炯天 , 杨斌 , 刘向宏 , 何金江 , 李光辉 , 韩桂洪 , 赵红运 , 肖阳 , 李军义 , 李庆奎 , 孙本双 , 赵红亮 , 周小军 , 蒋文龙 , 车玉思
中国工程科学 ›› : 375 -386.
关键金属高纯原料精深加工技术发展研究
Deep Processing Technology for High-Purity Raw Materials of Critical Metals
关键金属高纯原料精深加工技术是衔接矿产资源与高端制造的核心环节,对保障国家战略资源安全具有重要意义。本文系统梳理镓、铟、锗、钛、钨、钼、钒、钽、铌、钪等典型关键金属高纯加工技术的国内外进展,对比分析其工业应用、技术水平、技术差距与难点。结果表明,我国已形成4N~5N级常规纯度产品完整工业体系与规模化产能,但在6N级以上超高纯产品制备稳定性、痕量杂质精准脱除、高端核心装备自主化等方面,与国际先进水平均存在明显差距。经技术成熟度评估,未来关键金属高纯原料精深加工技术将呈现产品纯度向极限化提升、材料组元向复杂化拓展、粉体向纳米化与复合化发展、分离机制向多场耦合演进四大趋势。面向2040年,本文提出了关键金属高纯原料精深加工技术的中长期发展路径,聚焦超高纯制备、复杂体系分离、纳米与复合粉体制备、多场耦合靶向分离、智能化绿色化冶金五大主攻方向;从夯实产业基础、优化资源配置、强化基础研究、攻克装备短板、深化人工智能赋能五个方面提出了对策建议,为我国关键金属产业链自主可控与中长期战略谋划提供科学支撑。
The deep processing technology for high-purity raw materials of critical metals serves as a vital technical link that connects mineral resources and high-end manufacturing industries, bearing great significance for safeguarding the security of national strategic resources. This study reviews the progress of high-purity processing technologies for typical critical metals including gallium, indium, germanium, titanium, tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium, tantalum, niobium and scandium, and conducts a comparative analysis of their industrial application status, technical maturity, international benchmark levels, and existing technical shortcomings. The results indicate that China has established a complete industrial system and large-scale production capacities for conventional critical metal products with a purity of 4N‒5N grade. However, there remain prominent gaps between China and international advanced levels in terms of preparation stability of ultra-high-purity products above 6N grade, precision removal of trace impurities, and independent research and development of high-end core equipment. Based on a technical maturity evaluation, it is projected that future deep processing technologies for high-purity raw materials of critical metals will exhibit four major development trends: an extreme elevation in product purity, diversified and complex development of material components, nanocrystallization and compounding of powder materials, and an evolution of separation mechanisms toward multi-field coupling. Oriented toward 2040, a medium- and long-term development roadmap for the industry is proposed, focusing on five key development directions: ultra-high-purity preparation, complex system separation, nano and composite powder preparation, multi-field-coupled targeted separation, and intelligent green metallurgy. Corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are proposed from five dimensions: consolidating industrial foundation, optimizing resource allocation, strengthening basic research, overcoming equipment technical bottlenecks, and advancing artificial intelligence empowerment. This study can provide scientific support for the independent development and strategic planning of China's critical metal industrial chain.
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中国工程院咨询项目“面向2040的关键材料产业链上游高纯原料精深加工技术发展战略研究”(2023-ZCQ-18)
“广西战略矿产与全产业链开发发展战略研究”(2023-XZ-92)
国家自然科学基金项目(U23A20609;U25A20283;52274357;92575206)
Funding project: Chinese Academy of Engineering projects "Research on Development Strategy of High-purity Raw Material Deep-processing Science and Technology for Critical Metal Material Industry Upper Stream in China Toward 2040"(2023-ZCQ-18)
"Research on the Development Strategy of Strategic Minerals and Full Industry Chain Development in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region"(2023-XZ-92)
The National Natural Science Foundation of China Projects(U23A20609;U25A20283;52274357;92575206)
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