全球定位导航授时国际规则发展态势与我国应对策略
Development Trends of International PNT Rules and China's Response Strategies
定位导航授时(PNT)是国家重大时空基础设施和国家安全基石,是新质新域生产力和战斗力的基础支撑,更是大国博弈的必争高地。当前,全球PNT正处于规则变革的关键窗口期,为我国深度参与PNT国际规则制定、提升国际话语权创造了重要机遇。本文系统阐述了PNT的战略地位,梳理了美国、欧盟及我国PNT法规制度的发展现状,总结了PNT国际规则由单一技术规范向综合治理规则演进、由单一技术体系向多源融合发展、由地球空间向地月深空拓展、由少数国家主导向多元主体参与的发展趋势。在此基础上,提出我国应加快构建并完善PNT法规制度体系,健全安全风险防范机制,推进PNT标准规范国际化,深度参与国际规则构建,不断提升我国在全球PNT治理中的国际话语权,为维护国家时空安全和支撑综合PNT体系高质量发展提供法治保障。
Positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) serves as a fundamental component of national critical spatiotemporal infrastructure and a cornerstone of national security. It provides essential support for promoting new-quality productive forces and combat capabilities in emerging domains, while also becoming a strategic high ground contested by major powers. As global PNT governance enters a pivotal period of regulatory transformation, a significant window of opportunity has opened for China to deepen its engagement in international PNT rule-making and strengthen its voice in global governance. This study examines the strategic importance of PNT, surveys the evolving legal and regulatory landscapes in the United States, the European Union, and China, and analyzes major trends in the evolution of international PNT rules, including the transition from technology-oriented regulation to comprehensive governance, from single-system dependence to multi-source integration, from Earth-based applications to cislunar, deep-space, and deep-sea domains, and from rule-making dominated by a few major powers to broader multi-stakeholder participation. Based on this analysis, the study proposes that China should accelerate the development of a comprehensive PNT legal and regulatory framework, strengthen security risk prevention mechanisms, promote the internationalization of PNT standards, and engage more proactively in the formulation of international PNT rules. These measures will enhance China's discourse power in global PNT governance and provide stronger legal support for safeguarding national spatiotemporal security and advancing the high-quality development of the national comprehensive PNT system.
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