医防融合促进健康共治型公共卫生体系建设的构思
A conceptual Study on Medical‒Prevention Integration in Promoting the Construction of a Health Co-governance-Oriented Public Health System
医防融合推动卫生健康服务体系建设,促使卫生健康服务目标回归健康本身,支持将预防、筛查、诊疗、康复、健康管理串联为连续的服务链,因而构建医防融合与健康共治的公共卫生体系成为国家重大需求。本文将公共卫生体系视为复杂社会技术系统,遵循“问题界定 ‒ 案例借鉴 ‒ 挑战识别 ‒ 架构设计 ‒ 实施路径”的系统工程方法论,探讨了医防融合促进健康共治型公共卫生体系建设的理论逻辑和技术架构。在厘清研究思路、界定基本概念的基础上,分析了国内传染病防控中的医防协同、国际传染病综合防治、国内慢性病防治的整合、国际慢性病管理四类医防融合实践,概括了国内应急协同、国际慢性病激励、国内基层整合三种典型模式,识别了当前医防融合面临的组织体系制度壁垒、经济激励导向偏差、复合型人才结构性短缺、信息系统条块分割、社会参与机制性障碍等发展挑战。针对性构建了涵盖数据层、平台层、应用层、治理层及信息接口、激励接口、能力接口的“四层三接口”医防融合体系技术架构,将数据标准化、业务协同化、服务场景化、治理制度化纳入统一框架,为破解信息孤岛、激励错配、能力短板等深层症结提供了系统性的应对方案。可建立统一的数据治理与交换标准,开发医防协同业务中台,建设能力导向的人才培养体系,设计激励相容的制度框架,构建社会多元参与平台,采取渐进式实施策略,以精准推进医防融合体系建设并支撑卫生健康事业高质量发展。
The medical‒prevention integration drives the development of the health service system, reorients health services toward health itself, and links prevention, screening, diagnosis and treatment, rehabilitation, and health management into a continuous service chain. Therefore, building a public health system characterized by medical‒prevention integration and health co-governance has become a major national imperative. This study conceptualizes the public health system as a complex socio-technical system and follows a systems engineering methodology of "problem definition‒case learning‒challenge identification‒architecture design‒implementation pathway" to explore the theoretical logic and technical architecture of medical‒prevention integration in promoting the development of a health co-governance-oriented public health system. After clarifying the research approach and defining basic concepts, the study analyzes four types of medical‒prevention integration practices: medical and prevention coordination in infectious disease prevention and control in China, international comprehensive prevention and control of infectious diseases, integration of chronic disease prevention and treatment in China, and international chronic disease management. Moreover, it summarizes three typical models: emergency collaboration in China, incentive-based international chronic disease management, and primary-level integration in China. It also identifies current development challenges facing medical‒prevention integration, including institutional barriers in the organizational system, deviations in economic incentive orientation, structural shortages of interdisciplinary professionals, fragmentation of information systems, and institutional obstacles to social participation. Accordingly, the study constructs a "four-layer, three-interface" technical architecture for a medical‒prevention integration system, encompassing data, platform, application, and governance layers as well as information, incentive, and capacity interfaces. This architecture integrates data standardization, operational collaboration, scenario-based service delivery, and governance institutionalization into a unified framework, providing a systematic response to deep-seated problems such as information silos, incentive misalignment, and capacity gaps. It is advisable to establish unified data governance and exchange standards, develop a shared business platform for medical and prevention coordination, build a competency-oriented talent cultivation system, design an incentive-compatible institutional framework, construct a platform for multi-stakeholder participation, and adopt a progressive implementation strategy, so as to precisely advance the development of the medical‒prevention integration system and support the high-quality development of the healthcare sector.
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中国工程院咨询项目“人类传染病第三次重大转变发展趋势及应对预测(2024—2025)”(2023-JB-12)
Funding project: Chinese Academy of Engineering project "Development Trends and Response Predictions for the Third Major Transformation of Human Infectious Diseases (2024—2025)"(2023-JB-12)
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