我国海底工程装备与材料技术体系发展思考
Development of Technology System for Subsea Engineering Equipment and Materials
具有极端特征的海底空间在资源开发、信息获取、通信保障、发展安全等方面的重要价值不断显现,需要以海底工程装备与材料技术体系为核心支撑;而海底工程装备与材料是依托共性基础技术形成的紧密耦合整体,其中的材料、装备、共性基础技术形成互为支撑且不可割裂的逻辑闭环。本文全面讨论了海底工程装备与材料技术体系,总结了极端环境适应、系统集成度、无人值守与高可靠、水下作业等方面的技术特征,梳理了国际上海底工程装备的总体发展格局、典型装备系统发展趋势以及结构材料、功能材料与腐蚀防护材料、关键共性基础技术方面的研究和应用进展;在把握我国海底工程装备与材料领域进展的基础上,识别出装备性能与工程化能力、系统集成与体系化水平、关键材料与核心部件自主能力、长期运行与可靠性保障能力等方面的发展差距,基础研究积累、核心部件自主保障、试验验证体系、复合型人才等方面的瓶颈环节。研究认为,可在科研层面、制度层面精准发力,即以重大工程任务牵引纵向层级贯通,提高核心紧缺元器件的自主供给能力,依托基础研究与验证能力提升技术上限,分阶段构建标准体系以增强国际话语权,把握智能化转型机遇以抢占技术制高点,同时建立深海试验数据共享与资源统筹、深海工程共性基础技术稳定投入、深海工程跨学科人才培养与长效激励等配套机制。采取这一突破路径,将提升我国海底工程技术体系综合能力,为建设海洋强国、拓展蓝色发展空间提供科技支撑。
The subsea space, with its extreme environmental conditions, is demonstrating ever-greater values in resource development, information acquisition, communication assurance, and development security. Realizing these values depends fundamentally on the technology system for subsea engineering equipment and materials. Subsea engineering equipment and materials constitute a tightly coupled whole underpinned by common fundamental technologies. Within this whole, materials, equipment, and common fundamental technologies form an interdependent and inseparable logical closed loop. This study discusses the technology system for subsea engineering equipment and materials. It first summarizes the technical characteristics of the system, including adaptability to extreme environments, a high degree of system integration, long-term unattended operation with high reliability, and automated, intelligent, and systematic underwater operations. It then reviews the overall development landscape of subsea engineering equipment worldwide, development trends of representative equipment systems, and the research and application advances in structural materials, functional materials, corrosion protection materials, and key common fundamental technologies. Drawing on China's progress in this field, the study identifies gaps in equipment performance and engineering capability, system integration and systematization, autonomy in key materials and core components, and long-term operation and reliability assurance. It further pinpoints bottlenecks in basic research accumulation, independent supply of core components, testing and verification systems, and interdisciplinary talent. Moreover, the study concludes that breakthroughs require coordinated efforts at both research and institutional levels. At the research level, major engineering missions should be leveraged to drive vertical integration across hierarchy levels, and the independent supply of critical and scarce components should be enhanced. Basic research and verification capabilities should be strengthened to raise the technical ceiling, while the standards system should be built in stages to enhance China's international discourse power. China should also seize the opportunity presented by intelligent transformation to secure the technological high ground. At the institutional level, supporting mechanisms should be established for deep-sea test data sharing and resource coordination, sustained investment in common fundamental technologies for deep-sea engineering, and interdisciplinary talent cultivation with long-term incentives. Adopting this breakthrough pathway will comprehensively enhance the capability of China's subsea engineering technology system and provide scientific and technological support for boosting China's maritime strength and expanding the marine development space.
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中国工程院咨询项目(2025-XZ-147)
国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFB3712904)
国家自然科学基金项目(52572098)
Funding project: Chinese Academy of Engineering project(2025-XZ-147)
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFB3712904)
The National Natural Science Foundation of China Project(52572098)
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