人工智能驱动医学教育范式重塑的进展与应对
AI-Driven Paradigm Reshaping in Medical Education: Progress and Responses
人工智能(AI)正逐步嵌入医学教育的知识获取、技能训练与能力评价环节,推动培养模式与治理机制调整。为分析AI驱动医学教育范式重塑的进展及其落地瓶颈,本文结合文献分析与工程逻辑归纳,从学生学习体验出发,梳理AI应用现状、核心挑战与国内外实践,并提出本土化应对路径。分析认为,AI在医学教育中的作用已由辅助工具渗透进教学与评价流程,推动教师向学习引导者和人机协同教学设计者转变、学生向主动学习者转变。其落地面临技术系统 ‒ 学习能力、算法逻辑 ‒ 教育目标、效率导向 ‒ 人文价值三类失配,分别表现为认知过载、目标替代与自动化偏倚、数据主权侵蚀与人文培养不足。在技术、组织、治理协同分析的基础上,提出“能力 ‒ 系统 ‒ 治理”三维协同的应对路径,包括分层嵌入数字素养与人机协作训练,提升AI教学平台的可控性、可解释性与可复核性,完善数据保护、伦理规范与责任划分。AI与医学教育的深度融合应以医学人才培养目标为导向,促进技术、教学组织与治理制度协同,为培养兼具数字素养与人文情怀的医学人才提供支撑。
Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being integrated into knowledge acquisition, skills training, and competency assessment in medical education, prompting changes in training models and governance mechanisms. To examine the progress and implementation challenges of AI-driven paradigm reshaping in medical education, this study combines literature analysis with engineering-oriented reasoning to review applications, challenges, and practices in China and abroad from the perspective of students' learning experiences and to propose response pathways for China. The analysis suggests that AI has expanded from assisting individual tasks to supporting teaching and assessment processes, with teachers becoming learning facilitators and designers of human‒AI collaborative teaching, and students becoming active learners. The implementation of AI in medical education faces three mismatches: technological systems versus learning capabilities, algorithmic objectives versus educational goals, and efficiency versus humanistic values. These mismatches are manifested as cognitive overload, goal substitution and automation bias, as well as erosion of student data sovereignty and insufficient humanistic education, respectively. Based on an analysis of coordination across technological, organizational, and governance levels, a three-dimensional pathway encompassing capability building, system optimization, and governance improvement is proposed. It includes integrating digital literacy and human‒AI collaboration training at successive stages, improving the controllability, explainability, and reviewability of AI teaching platforms, and strengthening data protection, ethical standards, and responsibility allocation. The integration of AI into medical education should be guided by medical talent training goals and supported by the coordination among technology, educational organization, and governance, thus to cultivate medical professionals with digital literacy and humanistic qualities.
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湖南省科技厅实验室(芙蓉实验室)项目(2024PT5111)
湖南省普通本科高校教学改革研究项目(2025jy052)
Funding project: Laboratory (Furong Laboratory) Project of Department of Science and Technology of Hunan Province(2024PT5111)
Hunan Province Higher Education Institutions Teaching Reform Research Project(2025jy052)
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