电力‒算力跨境交互安全:风险机理、防护技术与研究展望
Security of Cross-Border Power‒Computing Interaction: Risk Mechanisms, Protection Technologies, and Prospects
随着人工智能(AI)智能体、大模型应用的快速发展,算力需求呈现高度动态化、平台化、全球化的配置趋势。算力任务的生成与调用由人工触发、本地执行逐步转向智能体自主生成、跨平台调用、跨境执行,使传统上以本地电网与数据中心为核心的电算协同安全边界发生深刻变化,相应的数据流、算力流、能量流的耦合关系更加复杂,电算交互安全问题由单系统防护转向跨域耦合条件下的综合风险治理。本文围绕AI智能体驱动下电力 ‒ 算力跨境交互(电算跨境交互)面临的新型安全问题,深入梳理并论述了电算跨境交互的发展形态、运行特征、安全风险、防护技术、未来研究方向。分析了电算跨境交互在系统边界、调度机制、负荷特性等方面的演化特征,梳理了算力需求生成、跨域交互、电力负荷响应的耦合关系。归纳了数据安全、算力调度安全、电力负荷操纵、跨域级联故障等方面的关键安全风险,揭示了数据可信性下降、调度决策失真、负荷重构异常、跨域级联传播的风险演化链条。凝练了数据保护、调度治理、负荷控制、系统监测等防护技术并讨论了跨境交互环境下的适用性和局限性,展望了算力需求生成、算力调度约束、跨域协同防御、内生安全架构等电算跨境交互安全的未来研究方向。相关内容可为构建安全可信的电算跨境交互体系提供理论支持与实践参考。
With the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) agents and large model applications, the demand for computing power is becoming increasingly dynamic, platform-based, and globally distributed. The generation and invocation of computing tasks are gradually shifting from manual triggering and local execution to autonomous generation by AI agents, cross-platform invocation, and cross-border execution. This transition is profoundly reshaping the conventional security boundary of power‒computing coordination, which has traditionally been centered on local power grids and data centers. The coupling among data flows, computing flows, and energy flows is consequently becoming more complex, and the security of power‒computing interaction is evolving from single-system protection toward comprehensive risk governance under cross-domain coupling. Focusing on the emerging security issues associated with cross-border power‒computing interaction driven by AI agents, this study reviews the development patterns, operational characteristics, security risks, protection technologies, and future research directions of cross-border power‒computing interaction. Moreover, the evolutionary characteristics of cross-border power‒computing interaction are analyzed in terms of system boundaries, scheduling mechanisms, and load characteristics, and the coupling relationships among computing demand generation, cross-domain interaction, and power‒load response are clarified. Key security risks related to data security, computing power scheduling security, power‒load manipulation, and cross-domain cascading failures are summarized, revealing a risk evolution chain comprising degraded data trustworthiness, distorted scheduling decisions, abnormal load reconfiguration, and cross-domain cascading propagation. Additionally, protection technologies involving data protection, scheduling governance, load control, and system monitoring are summarized, and their applicability and limitations in cross-border interaction environments are discussed. Future research directions are further outlined in the areas of computing demand generation, computing scheduling constraints, cross-domain collaborative defense, and endogenous security architectures. This study is expected to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for developing secure and trustworthy cross-border power‒computing interaction systems.
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国家自然科学基金项目(52477077)
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