从车网互动到车 ‒ 机 ‒ 网互动:演进逻辑、典型场景与发展路径
From Vehicle-to-Grid to Vehicle‒Aerial Mobility‒Grid Interaction: Evolutionary Logic, Typical Scenarios, and Development Pathways
随着新型电力系统建设和低空经济发展,源荷协同的覆盖范围正在由电动汽车逐步拓展至低空电动终端及配套补能设施,互动主体、空间边界、协同机制随之拓展。本文面向车 ‒ 机 ‒ 网互动(VAMG)这一新型源荷互动形态,界定了VAMG的基本内涵,明确了电动汽车、低空飞行器在任务类型、时间尺度、空间特征、运行约束方面的差异,对比分析了两类资源的能量特性。阐述了从车网互动到VAMG的演进逻辑和多维价值,以物流无人机典型应用场景为例评估了低空飞行器参与源荷互动的调节潜力,归纳出共享补能设施、空地联合任务、应急保障三类VAMG场景。提炼了状态透明化感知、空地异构终端补能控制、低空节点接入协同规划、多时间尺度能量流优化调度等关键技术,探讨了从车网互动既有商业模式转向VAMG复合模式的演进路径。VAMG仍处于概念验证向工程示范的过渡阶段,未来的产业化发展需要完善标准体系、电网准入、市场机制、产业协同、政策引导等配套条件,以构成交能融合重要形态,为提升电网灵活性、交通运行效率、城市韧性提供新路径。
With the development of new‒type power systems and the low-altitude economy, the scope of source‒load coordination is gradually expanding from electric vehicles to low-altitude electric terminals and their supporting energy-replenishment facilities. Accordingly, the participating entities, spatial boundaries, and coordination mechanisms are also being extended. Against this background, this study investigates vehicle‒aerial mobility‒grid (VAMG) interaction as an emerging form of source‒load interaction. It defines the fundamental concept of VAMG interaction, analyzes the differences between electric vehicles and low-altitude aircraft in terms of mission types, time scales, spatial characteristics, and operational constraints, and compares the energy characteristics of these two resource types. Moreover, the study analyzes the evolutionary logic from vehicle-to-grid (V2G) to VAMG interaction and multidimensional values of VAMG interaction. Meanwhile, the flexibility potential of low-altitude aircraft participating in source‒load interaction is quantitatively evaluated using typical application scenarios of logistics unmanned aerial vehicles as examples. Three typical VAMG scenarios are identified: shared energy-replenishment infrastructure, air‒ground collaborative missions, and emergency support. Key technologies are summarized in terms of transparent state sensing, energy replenishment control of heterogeneous ground and aerial terminals, coordinated planning for the grid integration of low-altitude nodes, and multi-timescale energy-flow optimization and scheduling. The evolutionary pathway from the existing V2G business model toward a composite VAMG model is also discussed. The analysis suggests that VAMG interaction remains in transition from conceptual validation to engineering demonstration. Further commercialization and industrial deployment require improvements in standards systems, grid-access rules, market mechanisms, industrial coordination, and policy guidance. With these supporting measures in place, VAMG interaction is expected to become an important form of transport‒energy integration, offering new pathways for enhancing grid flexibility, transportation efficiency, and urban resilience.
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中国工程院咨询项目“广东省新能源与人工智能产业融合发展战略研究”(2025-DFZD-27)
Chinese Academy of Engineering project "Research on the Integration and Development Strategy of New Energy and Artificial Intelligence Industries in Guangdong Province"(2025-DFZD-27)
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