海洋“电 ‒ 氢 ‒ 氨 ‒ 醇”综合能源体系发展研究
Development of Marine Electricity‒Hydrogen‒Ammonia‒Methanol Integrated Energy System
海洋“电 ‒ 氢 ‒ 氨 ‒ 醇”综合能源体系将间歇性海上绿电转化为可储存、可运输、可贸易的氢基能源产品,为航运燃料替代、绿色化工原料供给、工业深度脱碳提供支撑,也是推动深远海可再生能源规模化开发、提升能源安全韧性、促进难减排领域低碳转型的重要路径。本文构建了“战略价值 ‒ 形态架构 ‒ 关键技术 ‒ 空间布局”全链条分析框架,论证了海洋“电 ‒ 氢 ‒ 氨 ‒ 醇”综合能源体系的战略布局、关键技术和工程路径。明确了海洋“电 ‒ 氢 ‒ 氨 ‒ 醇”综合能源体系与海洋综合能源岛、陆上“氢氨醇”一体化等概念的边界,从能源安全、碳减排、产业协同、国际竞争维度评估了战略价值;揭示了以海上可再生能源为基础、电解水制氢为枢纽、绿氨和绿色甲醇为延伸、面向多元终端利用的系统架构特征,基于等热值替代逻辑分析了氢、氨、醇燃料路径的减碳潜力及电解水效率变化对减碳效果的影响。梳理形成了包括海洋可再生能源开发、海上制氢、氨醇合成、储运与安全保障、智能运维、碳核算认证在内的关键技术体系,构建了主链条和支撑性技术图谱并明确了优先攻关方向,提出了“近岸示范验证 ‒ 区域枢纽培育 ‒ 深远海规模化拓展”的分阶段发展路径及渤海、黄海、东海、南海的差异化空间布局。相关内容务实前瞻,可延伸应用至海洋绿色燃料产业前瞻布局、海洋能源高质量开发、海洋重大工程建设。
The marine "electricity‒hydrogen‒ammonia‒methanol" integrated energy system converts intermittent offshore green electricity into storable, transportable, and tradable hydrogen-based energy products, providing support for shipping fuel substitution, green chemical feedstock supply, and deep decarbonization of industry; it is also an important pathway for promoting the large-scale development of deep-sea renewable energy, enhancing energy security and resilience, and supporting the low-carbon transition of hard-to-abate sectors. This study constructs a "strategic value‒system architecture‒key technology‒spatial layout" full-chain analytical framework, and demonstrates the strategic layout, key technologies, and engineering pathways of the marine "electricity‒hydrogen‒ammonia‒methanol" integrated energy system. It also clarifies the conceptual boundaries between this system and related concepts such as marine integrated energy islands and land-based hydrogen‒ammonia‒methanol integration projects, and evaluates its strategic value from the dimensions of energy security, carbon reduction, industrial synergy, and international competition. Moreover, the study reveals the architectural characteristics of the system. Specifically, the system is based on offshore renewable energy, centered on hydrogen production by water electrolysis, extended through green ammonia and green methanol, and oriented toward diversified end uses. Based on an equal-calorific-value substitution logic, this study analyzes the carbon reduction potentials of hydrogen, ammonia, and methanol fuel pathways, and clarifies the impact of changes in water electrolysis efficiency on mitigation effects. Additionally, it establishes a key technology system that includes marine renewable energy development, offshore hydrogen production, ammonia and methanol synthesis, storage and transportation safety, intelligent operation and maintenance, and carbon accounting and certification. A technology map covering the main chain and supporting technologies is constructed, and priority research directions are identified. Furthermore, the study proposes a phased development pathway of "nearshore demonstration‒regional hub cultivation‒deep-sea scale-up" and differentiated spatial layouts for the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, East China Sea, and South China Sea. The findings of the study can be extended to the forward-looking planning of the marine green fuel industry, high-quality development of marine energy, and promotion of major engineering construction.
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国家自然科学基金项目(72303063)
中国工程院战略咨询项目“泛氢转化和储运技术发展对标和趋势研究”(2024-DFZD-45)
Funding project: The National Natural Science Foundation of China Project(72303063)
Chinese Academy of Engineering project "Benchmarking and Trend Analysis of Pan-Hydrogen Conversion, Storage, and Transportation Technologies"(2024-DFZD-45)
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