循环经济视角下沙戈荒地区退役风光发电设备回收的技术策略
Circular Economy-Oriented Technical Strategies for Recycling of Decommissioned Wind and Photovoltaic Power Generation Equipment in Desert, Gobi, and Desertified Regions
我国沙漠、戈壁、荒漠(沙戈荒)地区持续扩大风光基地装机规模,大量风光发电设备处于高温、强风沙、昼夜大温差等极端工况的长期侵蚀并逐步进入集中退役周期;区域内地域辽阔、场站离散、水资源匮乏、生态脆弱等特殊条件导致传统的集中式回收工艺难以适配,亟需构建全链条闭环回收体系集成与长效运行机制。本文论述了退役风光发电设备回收价值,梳理了以退役风光设备循环应用实践、产业与区域循环模式构建、循环经济法律制度体系完善为代表的退役风光发电设备回收进展;在概述沙戈荒地区风光发电设备建设情况的基础上,从光伏设备的关键失效机制、风电设备的关键损伤机制等方面提炼了沙戈荒地区风光发电设备的工况特征,进一步结合退役风光发电设备拆解特性并采用循环经济视角辨识了沙戈荒地区开展设备回收的挑战性。考虑循环经济减量化、再利用、资源化的基本特点并面向沙戈荒地区的特殊工况,提出了退役风光发电设备回收关键技术体系,涵盖沙戈荒环境适配专用前置预处理技术、高值资源化核心分离提纯技术、大型风电整机拆解与轻量化回收技术、退役附属危废无害化处置技术、再生材料本地化协同消纳配套技术。建议支持沙戈荒地区退役风光设备回收科技攻关,制定沙戈荒地区风光设备回收差异化政策与标准,开展沙戈荒地区退役风光设备回收产业布局,探索形成兼顾经济效益、荒漠生态安全的完整循环实施路径。
China has been expanding the installed capacity of large-scale wind and photovoltaic power bases across its desert, Gobi, and desertified (“Sha‒Ge‒Huang”) regions. However, a large proportion of wind and photovoltaic power generation equipment deployed in these areas has been exposed to prolonged extreme environmental conditions, including high temperatures, severe sand and wind erosion, and substantial diurnal temperature fluctuations, and is gradually entering a large-scale decommissioning phase. Owing to the distinctive regional characteristics, such as vast geographical coverage, highly dispersed power stations, severe water scarcity, and fragile ecosystems, conventional centralized recycling approaches are difficult to adapt to these scenarios. Therefore, the establishment of an integrated full-chain closed-loop recycling system coupled with a sustainable long-term operation mechanism is urgently required. This study examines the recycling value of decommissioned wind and photovoltaic power generation equipment and reviews recent advances in this field, including practical applications of circular utilization pathways, development of industrial and regional circular economy models, and improvement in regulatory frameworks supporting circular economy implementation. Based on an overview of the deployment and development status of wind and photovoltaic power facilities in China's Sha‒Ge‒Huang regions, the operational characteristics of renewable energy equipment under these harsh environmental conditions are summarized from the perspectives of key failure mechanisms in photovoltaic components and critical degradation mechanisms in wind power systems. Furthermore, by integrating the dismantling characteristics of decommissioned wind and photovoltaic equipment with a circular economy perspective, the major challenges associated with equipment recycling in Sha‒Ge‒Huang regions are identified. Considering the core principles of the circular economy, namely reduction, reuse, and resource recovery, and addressing the unique environmental constraints of Sha‒Ge‒Huang regions, this study proposes a comprehensive technological framework for the recycling of decommissioned wind and photovoltaic power generation equipment. The proposed framework incorporates several key technologies, including environment-adapted pretreatment technologies specifically designed for desert conditions, advanced separation and purification technologies for high-value resource recovery, dismantling and lightweight recycling technologies for large-scale wind turbine systems, harmless treatment technologies for retired hazardous auxiliary materials, and localized collaborative utilization technologies for recycled materials. To facilitate the sustainable development of renewable energy recycling in Sha‒Ge‒Huang regions, it is recommended to strengthen scientific and technological innovation in key recycling technologies, establish differentiated policies and technical standards tailored to regional characteristics, and promote industrial deployment. These efforts will contribute to the development of a comprehensive circular implementation pathway that simultaneously supports economic benefits and long-term desert ecosystem security.
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中国工程院咨询项目“内蒙古退役新能源装备回收利用战略研究”(2025-DFZD-55)
Chinese Academy of Engineering project “Strategic Research on the Recycling of Retired New Energy Equipment in Inner Mongolia”(2025-DFZD-55)
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